Table 1.

Case series of atypical aura.

	Name, Sex, Age	Date of Visit	N. Episodes	Type of Aura	Aura Sequence	Duration	Particular Description of Episodes
1	M, 13.2 ys	5 November 2020	2	V-S	V-S	20 visual; <15 sensitive	Before appearance of left hemianopsia, subsequent appearance of headache on the left side which then moves to the right and then becomes bilateral. During headache, visual aura already disappeared for some time (at least 30 min), the appearance of a marked sensation of falling asleep to tongue and lower lip, without other irradiation (perhaps sensation of confusion). Previous aura.
2	F, 16.5 ys	12 May 2020	3	S-S-C-L	V-S-C-L	1 h	Amaurosis left followed by paraesthesia in hemilip, sx and successive difficulty reading (language disorder) and formulating thoughts (cognitive disorder).
3	F, 17 ys	15 February 2017	>5	V-V-S	V-S (first appearance) V-S-L (second appearance)	20 m. × aura mode.	Hemianopsia dx and successive headache appearance, after disappearance visual aura sensitive aura appeared (march: hand–arm–face), after 2 h disappearance sensitive aura, in presence of persistent headache the sensitive aura re-appeared after temporal interval of about two hours (two steps of aura in the same migrainous attack).
4	M, 12.6 ys	28 May 2020	3	S-Mo	S-L-Mo	90 min	Appearance of falling asleep and swelling of the tongue with labial rhyme deviation due to dx deficit—follows dysarthria—deficit dx hand and wrist and paresthesia of dx lower limb—follows headache on the right side.
5	F, 13.2ys	7 April 2000	1	V	-	>4 h	Left amaurosis without positive symptoms lasting a few days and onset of right fronto-temporal headache.
6	M, 11.6 ys	28 April 2017	1	V	V-vertigo	>3 h	Right hemianopsia at central start as triangle with black scotoma and white phosphorescent sides, disappeared from the center.
7	M, 12.7 ys	13 February 2017	1	C	-	20 min	Upon awakening headache with difficulty in reading and understanding of the writing.
8	F, 15.1 ys	21 June 2013	2	V, C-L	S-V-L	<1 h	One episode starts with sensitive symptoms with a typical right gear followed by visual disturbances (phosphenes and spectrum in the right hemicampus) followed by the appearance of language disorder, particularly in production. A further isolated episode only visual.
9	F, 12.10ys	17 September 2016	>4	V, S	V-S	<20 min	Sudden complete blurring of short-term vision followed by falling asleep of the right hand, without progression lasting less than 20 min followed by violent frontal headache with 2 episodes of vomiting lasting hours.
10	M, 10 ys	9 June 2015	2	S-Mo-V	S-Mo-V	>1 h	An episode with paresthesia to the left thigh, left foot, hand, arm, left half-face, headache, and appearance of visual aura (bright colored stripes). Other motor-sensitive analogous episodes followed by dysarthria, no visual disturbances.
11	M, 13.10 ys	6 May 2017	2	C, L, V	C-L-V	>1 h.	Appearance of estrangement sensation associated with speech disorders with phonological errors and appearance of sx hemianopsia. It follows a sx and intense left temporal headache. Analogous episode 48 h later, during hospitalization.
12	F, 9 ys	7 December 2010	4	S, D, V	S-D, V		Gradual, pulsating one-sided left headache, during which paresthesias to the right hemitongue appeared and dysarthria, followed by paresthesias in the hand with irradiation to the elbow, followed by remission within 20–30 min. After about thirty minutes from the disappearance of neurological symptoms, while the headache persisted, some paresthesias reappeared in the right hand extending to the elbow and subsequent extension to the tongue with deviation of the right lip rhyme. The aura would have lasted about 30 min. New episode about 15 months later with the previous characteristics of a sensitive type with the exception of shorter duration and without presenting the onset “two-stroke”, the EEG track, executed in the presence of headache, highlighted a marked asymmetry of the background rhythm, slowed to the left. After 6 months, an episode of visual aura that, from the center, gradually widened towards the periphery bilaterally with a front characterized by colored stripes without that there was a complete obscuration of the visual field.
13	F, 12 ys	18 May 2010	4	H, S	U-S		Episode characterized by the appearance of sounds and voices “as heard far away”, located mainly in the left ear, then paresthesias to the tongue and shortly after to the left hand up to the wrist. The duration of the aura was about 10–20 min. At the end of the episode, frontal headache followed almost immediately, pulsating and discreet intensity.
14	F, 11.7 ys	4 April 2019	>6	S	S	<5 min	Numerous ongoing episodes of headache prevalent on the left, appearance of paresthesias in right hand and quick feeling of swollen tongue, no visual disturbances.
15	F, 14 ys	15 February 2021	>6	S	S	>20 min	Localized paresthesias to the lips with swelling of the same.
16	M, 13.7 ys	5 July 2021	>6	V, S-L	S-M-L	5–15 min	At 1st aura episode, contemporary appearance of paresthesias III-IV-V fingers on the right hand and I and II right toes with homolateral weakness, after 15 min severe bitemporal headache and aura ended; 1 h after dysarthria and static buccal rhyme deviation to the right of time 5–10 min. He repeated episode after about 15 min and then after about 4 h. The headache lasted throughout the day. History of severe weekly headache and some episodes associated with visual aura.

C: cognitive disorders; D: dysarthria; F: female; H: hearing disorders; L: language disorders; M: male; Mo: motor disorders; S: sensitive disorders; V: visual disorders; ys: years.