Table 1.
Alternaria alternata allergens and their cross-reactivity with homologous proteins from other fungal species.
| Allergen 1 | Protein Type | MW (kDa) | Relevance | Homologs Cross-Reactive Allergens (Structural Database of Allergenic Proteins E Score) IUIS/Allergen.org/Allergome.org Data Bases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alt a 1 | It has a unique, dimeric β-barrel structure that define a new protein family with unknown function found exclusively in fungi. | 16.4 and 15.3 bands |
Major allergen | Alt b 1 Alternaria brasicola and other 138 Alternaria species Ulo c 1 Ulocladium chartarum Emb a 1 Embellisia allii and other 6 Embellisia species Nim c 1 Nimbya celosiae and other 4 Nimbya species Sin fu 1 Sinomyces fusoideus Ste b 1 Stemphylium botryosum and other 2 Stemphylium species Ulo c 1 Ulocladium chartarum and other 11 Ulocladium species |
| Alt a 3 | Heat shock protein 70 | 85 | Minor allergen | Pen c 19 Penicillium citrinum (1.9 × 10−27) Mala s 10 Malassezia sympodialis (1.2 × 10−3) |
| Alt a 4 | Disulfide isomerase | 57 | Minor allergen | |
| Alt a 5 | Ribosomal protein P2 | 11 | Minor allergen | Fus c 1 Fusarium culmorum (3.4 × 10−27) Cla h 5 Cladosporium herbarum (8.4 × 10−25) Asp f 8 Aspergillus fumigatus (2.0 × 10−22) |
| Alt a 6 | Enolase | 45 | Minor allergen | Cla h 6 Cladosporium herbarum (1.2 × 10−157) Asp f 22 Aspergillus fumigatus (1.9 × 10−154) Pen c 22 Penicillium citrinum (4.7 × 10−153) Cur l 2 Curvularia lunata (8.4 × 10−153) Rho m 1 Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (2.5 × 10−129) |
| Alt a 7 | Flavodoxin, YCP4 protein | 22 | Minor allergen | Cla h 7 Cladosporium herbarum (9.4 × 10−61) |
| Alt a 8 | Mannitol dehydrogenase | 29 | Minor allergen | Cla h 8 Cladosporium herbarum (6.6 × 10−91) |
| Alt a10 | Aldehyde dehydrogenase | 53 | Minor allergen | Cla h 10 Cladosporium herbarum (5.9 × 10−168) |
| Alt a 12 | Aid ribosomal protein P1 | 11 | Minor allergen | Cla h 12 Cladosporium herbarum (1.8 × 10−30) Pen cr 26 Penicillium crustosum (4.2 × 10−28) Pen b 26 Penicillium brevicompactum (6.8 × 10−28) |
| Alt a 13 | Glutathione-transferase | 26 | Minor allergen | |
| Alt a 14 | Manganese SO dismutase | 24 | Minor allergen | Asp f 6 Aspergillus fumigatus (5.5 × 10−48) Mala s 11 Malassezia sympodialis (4.9 × 10−36) |
| Alt a 15 | Vacuolar serine protease | 58 | Minor allergen | Cur l 4 Curvularia lunata (4.3 × 10−152) Cla h 9 Cladosporium herbarum (5.3 × 10−119) Pen o 18 Penicillium oxalicum (2.4 × 10−114) Asp f 18 Aspergillus fumigatus (4.8 × 10−111) Pen ch 18 Penicillium chrysogenum (7.9 × 10−111) Cla c 9 Cladosporium cladosporioides (1.2 × 10−99) Rho m 2 Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (1.6 × 10−73) Tri r 2 Trichophyton rubrum (1.6 × 10−37) Pen ch 13 Penicillium chrysogenum (1.1 × 10−23) Asp v 13 Aspergillus versicolor (1.5 × 10−20) Asp f 13 Aspergillus fumigatus (2.8 × 10−20) Asp o 13 Aspergillus oryzae (9.8 × 10−19) Asp fl 13 Aspergillus flavus (9.8 × 10−19) Pen c 13 Penicillium citrinum (5.3 × 10−15) |
1 World Health Organization and International Union of Immunological Societies (WHO/IUIS) Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee Structural Database of Allergenic Proteins (SDAP), International Union of Immunological Societies. Five other A. alternata allergen proteins (Alt a TCTP, Alt a NTF2, Alt a 2, Alt a 9 and Alt a 70 kDa) are not included in the referred official allergen list, but they were already included in the Allergome database.