Table 3.
Demographic characteristics and univariate analysis results for the three groups.
| Group 1 (n = 228) |
Group 2 (n = 98) |
Group 3 (n = 54) |
OR (95% CI) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 30 (28~32) | 30 (28~32) | 30 (28.5~32.5) | 1.030 (0.971~1.091) | 0.329 |
| Gestational weeks | 12 (11~12) | 12 (11~12) | 12 (11~13) | 1.027 (0.909~1.160) | 0.671 |
| Pro-gestational BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| <18.5 | 166 (72.8%) | 65 (66.3%) | 44 (81.5%) | 1 | |
| 18.5–23.9 | 22 (9.6%) | 20 (20.4%) | 6 (11.1%) | 1.461 (0.814~2.620) | 0.204 |
| 24–27.9 | 27 (11.8%) | 10 (10.2%) | 4 (7.4%) | 0.747 (0.379~1.470) | 0.398 |
| ≥28 | 13 (5.7%) | 3 (3.1%) | 0 | 0.319 (0.087~1.167) | 0.084 |
| Number of gestations | 1 (1~2) | 1 (1~1) | 1 (1~1) | 0.631 (0.428~0.930) | 0.020 |
| Number of abortions | 0 (0~1) | 0 (0~0) | 0 (0~0) | 0.698 (0.494~0.986) | 0.041 |
| Educational status | |||||
| Graduate degree | 45 (55.6%) | 21 (25.9%) | 15 (18.5%) | 1 | |
| Undergraduate | 165 (60.2%) | 73 (26.6%) | 36 (13.1%) | 0.787 (0.486~1.274) | 0.330 |
| High school | 14 (70.0%) | 3 (15.0%) | 3 (15.0%) | 0.560 (0.202~1.550) | 0.264 |
| Secondary education | 4 (80.0%) | 1 (20.0%) | 0 | 0.282 (0.029~2.721) | 0.274 |
| Occupational category | |||||
| Brainwork | 156 (61.4%) | 62 (24.4%) | 36 (14.2%) | 1 | |
| Mild manual labor | 67 (57.8%) | 33 (28.4%) | 16 (13.8%) | 1.123 (0.728~1.733) | 0.599 |
| Medium manual labor | 5 (50.0%) | 3 (30%) | 2 (20.0%) | 1.578 (0.477~5.225) | 0.455 |
| Heavy manual labor | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| Working posture | |||||
| Sitting-posture dominant | 190 (59.6%) | 85 (26.6%) | 44 (13.8%) | 1 | |
| Standing-posture dominant | 18 (54.5%) | 8 (24.2%) | 7 (21.2%) | 1.331 (0.669~2.645) | 0.415 |
| Others | 20 (71.4%) | 5 (17.9%) | 3 (10.7%) | 0.609 (0.264~1.402) | 0.244 |
| Toilet type | |||||
| Sitting-toilet dominant | 207 (64.3%) | 78 (24.2%) | 37 (11.5%) | 1 | |
| Squatting-toilet dominant | 20 (37.0%) | 18 (33.3%) | 16 (29.6%) | 3.139 (1.820~5.412) | <0.001 |
| Not specified | 1 (25%) | 2 (50%) | 1 (25%) | 3.722 (0.605~22.897) | 0.156 |
| Family history of SUI | |||||
| Yes | 6 (54.5%) | 2 (18.2%) | 3 (27.3%) | 1 | |
| No | 149 (62.1%) | 56 (23.3%) | 35 (14.6%) | 0.623 (0.198~1.958) | 0.418 |
| Unclear | 73 (32%) | 40 (31.0%) | 16 (12.4%) | 0.723 (0.225~2.321) | 0.585 |
| Family history of POP | |||||
| Yes | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| No | 156 (62.4%) | 62 (24.8%) | 32 (12.8%) | 1 | |
| Unclear | 72 (55.4%) | 36 (27.7%) | 22 (16.9%) | 1.347 (0.889~2.042) | 0.160 |
| Constipation history | |||||
| Yes | 21 (65.6%) | 8 (25%) | 3 (9.4%) | 1 | |
| No | 207 (59.5%) | 90 (25.9%) | 51 (14.7%) | 1.345 (0.636~2.845) | 0.438 |
| Smoking history | |||||
| Yes | 4 (66.7%) | 2 (33.3%) | 0 | 1 | |
| No | 224 (59.9%) | 96 (25.7%) | 54 (14.4%) | 1.559 (0.276~8.808) | 0.615 |
| PFMT habit | |||||
| Yes | 8 (57.1%) | 4 (28.6%) | 2 (14.3%) | 1 | |
| No | 220 (60.1%) | 94 (25.7%) | 52 (14.2%) | 0.906 (0.319~2.574) | 0.906 |
SUI: stress urinary incontinence; POP: pelvic organ prolapse.