Table 2.
Fatty acids and derivatives with activity in mycotoxin production.
| Fatty Acids and Derivatives | Target Fungi | Mycotoxin | Mycotoxin Production Variation | Concentrations Tested | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| myristic acid | A. parasiticus | Aflatoxin | promoted production of AFL | 5 mM | Priyadarshini et al. (1980) [112] |
| palmitic acid | promoted production of AFL | ||||
| stearic acid | promoted production of AFL | ||||
| oleic acid | inhibited production of AFL | ||||
| linoleic acid | inhibited production of AFL | ||||
| linoleic acid peroxide | A. parasiticus | Aflatoxins | increased by at least 5000% | 0.5 mg/mL | Fabbri et al. [120] |
| linoleic acid hydroperoxide | increased by at least 3000% | ||||
| lauric acid | A. parasiticus | Aflatoxins | decreased by 10% to 45% | 50 to 300 mM | Tiwari et al. (1986) [116] |
| myristic acid | decreased by 14% | 300 mM | |||
| palmitic acid | decreased by 11% to 76% | 10 to 300 mM | |||
| docosanoic acid | increased by 290% to 540% | 10 to 150 mM | |||
| linoleic acid | increased by 3400% | 50 mM | |||
| linolenic acid | increased by 1100% | 10 mM | |||
| linoleic acid hydroperoxides | A. flavus | Aflatoxin | promoted production of AFL | non-specified | Hamid and Smith (1987) [114] |
| stearic acid | promoted production of AFL | ||||
| linoleic acid | inhibited production of AFL | ||||
| 9S-HPODE | A. parasiticus | Aflatoxins | inhibited by ~30% | 1to 100 μM | Burow et al. (1997) [118] |
| 13S-HPODE | inhibited by ~40% | 1 to 100 μM | |||
| 13S-HPOTE | Aflatoxin and NOR | inhibited AFL by 100% and NOR by 90% | 100 μM | ||
| 13S-HPODE | A. nidulans | ST | inhibited by 52% to 81% | 1 to 100 μM | |
| 9S-HPODE | A. flavus | Aflatoxin | increased production | non-specified | Wilson et al. [121] |
| methyl jasmonate | A. parasiticus | Aflatoxin | promoted production | 1 mM | Vergopoulou et al. [122] |
| 9S-HPODE | A. flavus | Aflatoxins | increased production | non-specified | Tsitsigiannis et al. (2005) [119] |
| 13S-HPODE | inhibited production | ||||
| methyl jasmonate | A. parasiticus | Aflatoxin | 1 μM promoted AFL production and 10 mM totally inhibited AFL production | 1 μM to 10 mM | Meimaroglou et al. [123] |
| 9-HODE | F. graminearum | DON | promoted production | non-specified | Nobili et al. (2014) [124] |
| 9-HPODE | |||||
| stearic acid | A. flavus | Aflatoxins | increased production | 0.1, 0.75, and 1.25 mM | Yan et al. (2015) [113] |
| linolenic acid | inhibited production | 1.25 and 5 mM | |||
| cis-jasmone | A. flavus | Aflatoxin | inhibited production up to 30% | 25 to 100 μM | Orsoni et al. (2020) [117] |
| JTS | inhibited by 55% to 100% | ||||
| Jdi | inhibited production up to 30% | ||||
| JdiTS | inhibited by 20% to 70% | ||||
| JTS-Cu | inhibited by 45% to 90% | ||||
| JdiTS-Cu | inhibited by 40% to 70% | ||||
| cis-jasmone | F. sporotrichioides | HT-2 toxin | no inhibition | 5 to 25 μM | |
| JTS | inhibited by 40% to 75% | ||||
| Jdi | no inhibition | ||||
| JdiTS | inhibited by 25% to 75% |