Table 2.
Difference in hesitancy according to the participants characteristics by survey month.
| January (n = 7210) |
June (n = 7210) |
September (n = 7210) |
All | Jan. vs. Jun | Jan. vs. Sep | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p-Value | ||||
| Hesitancy | Yes | 1264 (17.5) | 4708 (65.3) | 1396 (19.4) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.739 |
| Sex | Male | 527 (15.5) | 2320 (65.6) | 655 (19.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.477 |
| Female | 737 (19.3) | 2388 (62.4) | 741 (19.4) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.991 | |
| Age | 20–29 | 221 (19.1) | 851 (79.3) | 352 (34.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.025 |
| 30–39 | 268 (20.4) | 924 (70.6) | 368 (27.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.222 | |
| 40–49 | 269 (19.8) | 931 (69.2) | 280 (21.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.840 | |
| 50–59 | 224 (17.6) | 962 (73.8) | 213 (16.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.734 | |
| 60–69 | 154 (13.8) | 672 (60.4) | 110 (9.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.382 | |
| 70–80 | 128 (12.3) | 368 (34.5) | 73 (6.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.186 | |
| Area | Hokkaido | 52 (16.7) | 217 (62.9) | 74 (21.7) | 0.009 | <0.001 | 0.371 |
| Tohoku | 46 (12.4) | 258 (65.7) | 75 (19.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.192 | |
| Kanto | 476 (17.1) | 1853 (67.7) | 507 (18.4) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.807 | |
| Chubu | 218 (18.2) | 778 (65.9) | 256 (22.0) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.497 | |
| Kinki | 274 (19.4) | 890 (63.0) | 250 (17.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.749 | |
| Chugoku | 71 (19.5) | 216 (61.0) | 66 (18.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.861 | |
| Shikoku | 31 (17.3) | 116 (64.4) | 37 (20.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.586 | |
| Kyusyu | 96 (16.3) | 380 (62.6) | 131 (21.4) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.359 | |
| Married | No | 533 (19.7) | 1947 (70.3) | 749 (26.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.227 |
| Yes | 731 (16.2) | 2761 (62.2) | 647 (14.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.750 | |
| Child | No | 617 (20.4) | 2252 (73.2) | 840 (27.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.252 |
| Yes | 647 (15.5) | 2456 (59.4) | 556 (13.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.686 | |
| Household income | <4 million yen | 330 (17.6) | 1261 (65.4) | 444 (22.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.356 |
| ≥4 million yen | 605 (16.7) | 2326 (63.8) | 577(15.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.889 | |
| unknown | 329 (19.3) | 1121 (68.4) | 375 (22.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.545 | |
| Educational attainment | High School Graduate | 353 (16.7) | 1486 (70.4) | 516(24.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.172 |
| Above Higher Education | 911 (17.9) | 3222 (63.2) | 880 (17.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.905 | |
| Obesity | No | 1051 (18.1) | 3809 (64.6) | 1168 (19.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.763 |
| Yes | 213 (15.1) | 899 (68.4) | 228 (17.4) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.655 | |
| Smoking | No | 1102 (18.2) | 3872 (63.8) | 1126 (18.5) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.959 |
| Yes | 162 (14.1) | 836 (73.5) | 270 (24.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.067 | |
| Underlying disease | No | 868 (18.7) | 3304 (69.4) | 1030 (21.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.587 |
| Yes | 396 (15.4) | 1404 (57.3) | 366 (14.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.893 | |
| Heath care worker | No | 1126 (17.6) | 4552 (71.3) | 1351 (21.2) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.521 |
| Yes | 138 (17.1) | 156 (18.9) | 45 (5.4) | 0.011 | 0.734 | 0.009 | |
In January, “hesitancy” was defined as a response of “strongly disagree” or “disagree” to the question “If a COVID-19 vaccine becomes available, I will get vaccinated”. In June and September, “hesitancy” was defined as those who had not yet vaccinated and no plans to get the vaccine at the time of the survey (Supplementary Figure S2). “Obesity” was defined as BMI ≥ 25. Health care providers includes physicians, dentists, veterinarians, pharmacists, public health nurses, nutritionists, nurses, nurse assistants, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and dental technicians. Medical office and nursing care workers were not included in this group. The p-values were calculated by the χ2 test. All three months (January, June, and September): Data were calculated based on the presence or absence of “hesitancy” using the 2 × 6 χ2 test. January:June: Data were calculated based on the presence or absence of “hesitancy” in January and June using the 2 × 2 χ2 test. January:September: Data were calculated based on the presence or absence of “hesitancy” in January and September using the 2 × 2 χ2 test.