Table 1. Characteristics of study participants.
| Discovery cohort | Validation cohort | |||||
| Overall | White women | White men | Black women | Black men | ||
| N | 136 | 174 | 71 | 31 | 19 | 53 |
| Age, year | 31.5 (5.1) | 65.9 (4.7) | 67.7 (5.0) | 67.1 (5.1) | 64.6 (3.2) | 63.4 (2.8) |
| Weight, kg | 70.3 (21.4) | 78.6 (38.9) | 71.9 (56.8) | 87.6 (15.7) | 77.5 (19.7) | 82.6 (17.1) |
| Height, cm | 164.6 (6.4) | 168.8 (9.5) | 162.3 (5.9) | 175.3 (7.8) | 163.1 (5.5) | 175.6 (8.3) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.0 (7.5) | 27.6 (14.4) | 27.3 (21.5) | 28.6 (5.5) | 29.1 (7.2) | 26.8 (5.3) |
| Current smoking, % | 35.3 | 56.9 | 43.7 | 54.8 | 47.4 | 79.2 |
| Alcohol drinking, gram/day | 36.5 (52.4) | 12.3 (24.2) | 10.3 (14.3) | 9.1 (10.5) | 14.6 (43.4) | 16.0 (30.3) |
| Physical activity, times/week | 3.1 (2.2) | 3.5 (2.6) | 3.7 (2.4) | 3.1 (2.6) | 2.6 (2.4) | 3.8 (3.0) |
| Dairy intake, cups/day | 1.6 (1.3) | 1.6 (1.4) | 1.8 (1.6) | 1.8 (1.5) | 1.3 (1.0) | 1.3 (1.1) |
| ALM/BMI index | 0.8 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.7 (0.1) | 1.0 (0.2) |
| Hand grip strength, kg | 27.0 (8.4) | 23.6 (9.5) | 17.8 (4.5) | 31.0 (10.0) | 15.4 (4.3) | 29.8 (8.1) |
Means (standard deviations) are for continuous variables, and percentages are for categorical variables.
ALM/BMI, body mass index adjusted appendicular lean mass.