Table 4. The effects associated with sarcopenia traits in the discovery and validation cohorts.

Metabolite	ALM/BMI							HGS
	Discovery cohort	Validation cohort						Discovery cohort	Validation cohort
		Overall	White	Black	Women	Men			overall	White	Black	Women	Men
Aspartic acid	-0.0217	-0.0016	-0.0122	0.0251	-0.0185	0.0061		-1.8126	-0.2053	-0.0213	-0.5099	-0.1444	-0.4212
Glutamic acid	-0.0242	-0.0255	-0.0219	-0.0159	-0.0217	-0.0171		-1.0832	-1.8610	-2.7074	-1.4658	-1.6002	-2.8643
Glutamine	0.0055	0.0096	0.0051	0.0242	0.0114	0.0020		-0.6150	0.0828	0.6324	-0.9101	-0.3811	0.4758
N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid	0.0132	0.0062	-0.0006	0.0067	-0.0031	0.0035		2.2071	0.3889	0.9694	-0.1936	-0.7651	0.7507
Serine	-0.0010	0.0111	0.0066	0.0134	0.0087	0.0083		0.1427	-0.5708	-0.8434	0.0111	-0.0173	-0.6966
4-Hydroxyproline	0.0071	-0.0040	0.0096	-0.0102	0.0239	-0.0175		0.1824	-0.0942	0.0443	-0.6128	0.8805	-0.8552
Arginine	-0.0053	-0.0005	-0.0160	0.0163	-0.0057	0.0027		0.2956	-0.1371	-0.4751	0.5423	-0.1930	0.0777
Ornithine	0.0126	0.0037	-0.0059	0.0107	-0.0012	0.0031		0.1149	0.0960	-0.1391	0.0735	-0.1766	0.3235
Proline	0.0016	-0.0110	-0.0157	0.0068	-0.0171	-0.0040		0.9811	-0.4799	-0.0328	-0.7278	0.1212	-0.8645
Carnosine	-0.0103	0.0083	0.0117	0.0036	0.0119	0.0026		0.0681	-1.0917	-1.8010	-0.7936	0.3106	-1.5213
Histidine	-0.0130	0.0056	-0.0027	0.0194	-0.0080	0.0101		-0.4155	-0.8430	-0.6724	-1.2067	-0.2238	-1.3029
Urocanic acid	-0.0006	0.0007	-0.0141	0.0199	-0.0168	0.0210		-0.5849	-0.1167	-0.7393	1.0734	-0.5771	0.9171

All the effects were associated with 1-standard deviation changes in metabolites.

ALM/BMI, body mass index adjusted appendicular lean mass; HGS, hand grip strength.