Table 3.
Children’s books possession, toy play, electronic device play, and parental interactions.
| Variables | Parental Interactions | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Book Reading (%) | Storytelling (%) | Singing (%) | Naming, Numbering, or Drawing (%) | Outdoor Play (%) |
Family Play (%) | Overall (%) |
|
| Children’s books possession | |||||||
| Yes (n = 3383) |
2958 (87.4) * |
2897 (85.6) * |
2897 (85.6) * |
3310 (97.8) * |
3314 (98.0) * |
3330 (98.4) * |
3269 (96.6) * |
| No (n = 5473) |
3967 (72.5) * |
4198 (76.7) * |
4198 (76.7) * |
5057 (92.4) * |
5272 (96.3) * |
5345 (97.7) * |
4726 (86.4) * |
| Toy play | |||||||
| Yes (n = 8087) |
6868 (84.9) * |
6387 (79.0) * |
6546 (80.9) * |
7674 (94.9) * |
7868 (97.3) * |
7945 (98.2) * |
7971 (91.2) * |
| No (n = 727) |
566 (77.9) * |
508 (69.9) * |
517 (71.1) * |
653 (89.8) * |
677 (93.1) * |
693 (95.3) * |
590 (81.2) * |
| Electronic device play | |||||||
| Yes (n = 5641) |
4856 (86.1) * |
4418 (78.3) * |
4593 (81.4) * |
5377 (95.3) * |
5484 (97.2) * |
5544 (98.3) * |
5174 (91.7) * |
| No (n = 3201) |
2599 (81.2) * |
2495 (77.9) * |
2491 (77.8) * |
2977 (93.0) * |
3088 (96.5) * |
3117 (97.4) * |
2809 (87.8) * |
* p-value < 0.001 (for each parental interaction and each variable). Note: percentage per all children in each subgroup of a variable.