Table 3.
Specialized proresolving lipid mediators as a therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
| SPMs | Author | Methodology | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| RvE1 | Hasturk et al. [120] |
39 rabbits with a dietary regimen for 13 weeks, were treated with topical RvE1 3 times per week. | RvE1 decreased atherogenesis and C reactive protein levels (p < 0.05). |
| Salic et al. [121] |
80 ApoE*3Leiden mice who were fed with a high-fat diet were administered different doses of RvE1. | High-dose and low-dose RvE1 reduce the size of the atherosclerotic lesion to the same degree (35%. p < 0.05). | |
| Liu et al. [94] |
Male mice were fed with rodent food and treated with RvE1. | RvE1 was generated from EPA with the aid of ASA. | |
| RvD2 and MaR1 | Viola et al. [15] |
ApoE -/- mice who were fed with a high-fat diet, were administered doses of RvD2 and MaR1. | RvD2 and MaR1 were signs of atheromatous plaque stability. |
| Akagi et al. [89] |
Smooth muscle cells from the aorta of adult male mice received an intraperitoneal injection of RvD2 and MaR1. | ASMC chemotaxis was reduced in 74% after treatment with RvD2 and MaR1. | |
| ATL | Petri et al. [122] |
Four mice who presented Fpr2 deficiency were fed with a high-fat diet for 4 weeks and later treated with ATL. | ATL blocked the progression at the root of atherosclerosis. |
| RvD1 and PD1 | Makino et al. [123] |
Male injured mice who were subjected to carotid artery angioplasty received 1 μg of RvD1 or PD1 intravenously. | RvD1 and PD1 mitigated muscle cell proliferation, as well as leukocyte infiltration. |
| RvD1 and RvD2 | Miyahara et al. [57] |
Cultures of human greater saphenous veins VSMC were isolated and treated with RvD1 and RvD2. | RvD1 and RvD2 inhibited VSMC and monocyte proliferation, migration, and adhesion. |
| RvD1 | Kain et al. [114] |
Male mice with coronary artery ligation were administered liposomes with RvD1 or Lipo-RvD1. | RvD1 decreased macrophage density. |
| Orr et al. [115] |
0.5 g of EOR and BDA-RvD1 were given to mice. | BDA-RvD1 was resistant to EOR and reduced neutrophil infiltration in the lungs. |
Abbreviations: RvE1: Resolvin E1; RvD2: Resolvin E2; MaR1: Maresin 1; ATL: Aspirin Activated Lipoxin; Fpr2: Formyl peptide receptor 2; ASMC: Aortic smooth muscle cells; NFκB: Nuclear factor kappa B; ASA: aspirin; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; RvD1: Resolvin D1; RvD2: Resolvin D2; EOR: Eicosanoid oxidoreductase; BDA-RvD1: benzo-diacetylenic-17R-RvD1-methyl ester; VSMC: Vascular smooth muscle cells.