Table 3.
Effects of salinity stress on leaf betacyanin, betaxanthin, betalain, and total carotene contents in four selected genotypes of A. lividus leafy vegetable.
| Treatment | Betacyanin (ng·g−1) |
Betaxanthin (ng·g−1) |
Betalain (ng·g−1) |
Total Carotene(μg·g−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variety × Salinity stress | ||||
| Green tower × Control | 117.09 ± 0.65 d | 291.10 ± 0.42 g | 407.63 ± 0.53 f | 70.88 ± 0.04 a |
| Green tower × MSS | 62.62 ± 0.63 k | 214.80 ± 0.47 k | 277.67 ± 0.51 l | 66.20 ± 0.03 b |
| Green tower × SSS | 40.87 ± 0.65 l | 163.53 ± 0.43 l | 205.35 ± 0.52 m | 61.30 ± 0.03 c |
| Green tower × VSSS | 38.74 ± 0.68 m | 148.73 ± 0.39 m | 188.25 ± 0.57 n | 36.24 ± 0.04 g |
| SA3 × Control | 102.01 ± 0.67 f | 317.73 ± 0.45 d | 418.82 ± 0.58 e | 70.80 ± 0.05 a |
| SA3 × MSS | 91.22 ± 0.64 g | 293.18 ± 0.41 f | 385.16 ± 0.55 g | 56.44 ± 0.05 d |
| SA3 × SSS | 80.31 ± 0.61 i | 265.50 ± 0.47 h | 347.01 ± 0.59 i | 37.97 ± 0.04 g |
| SA3 × VSSS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| Red tower × Control | 136.77 ± 0.62 c | 311.89 ± 0.40 e | 446.98 ± 0.56 d | 63.15 ± 0.05 c |
| Red tower × MSS | 73.43 ± 0.62 j | 251.23 ± 0.42 i | 325.73 ± 0.52 j | 24.80 ± 0.03 i |
| Red tower × SSS | 63.83 ± 0.64 k | 222.36 ± 0.46 j | 288.21 ± 0.61 k | 20.64 ± 0.04 j |
| Red tower × VSSS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
| SA6 × Control | 159.76 ± 0.63 a | 388.12 ± 0.49 a | 547.49 ± 0.57 a | 54.34 ± 0.03 e |
| SA6 × MSS | 156.38 ± 0.68 b | 368.26 ± 0.48 b | 522.94 ± 0.64 b | 45.46 ± 0.06 f |
| SA6 × SSS | 113.83 ± 0.64 e | 340.99 ± 0.47 c | 455.11 ± 0.56 c | 36.12 ± 0.04 g |
| SA6 × VSSS | 82.843 ± 0.60 h | 291.35 ± 0.42 g | 373.25 ± 0.59 h | 29.13 ± 0.06 h |
| Variety | ||||
| Green tower | 64.83 ± 0.67 c | 204.54 ± 0.48 c | 268.28 ± 0.53 c | 58.66 ± 0.06 a |
| SA3 | 68.39 ± 0.65 b | 219.10 ± 0.41 b | 288.53 ± 0.59 b | 41.35 ± 0.07 b |
| Red tower | 68.51 ± 0.63 b | 196.37 ± 0.44 d | 263.75 ± 0.54 d | 27.15 ± 0.05 c |
| SA6 | 128.20 ± 0.67 a | 347.18 ± 0.45 a | 473.86 ± 0.51 a | 41.27 ± 0.03 b |
| Salinity stress | ||||
| Control | 128.91 ± 0.69 a | 327.21 ± 0.42 a | 458.64 ± 0.55 a | 64.79 ± 0.05 a |
| MSS | 95.91 ± 0.63 b | 281.87 ± 0.47 b | 378.71 ± 0.59 b | 48.23 ± 0.04 b |
| SSS | 74.71 ± 0.61 c | 248.10 ± 0.45 c | 323.15 ± 0.61 c | 39.01 ± 0.03 c |
| VSSS | 30.40 ± 0.61 d | 110.02 ± 0.47 d | 142.11 ± 0.59 d | 16.38 ± 0.04 d |
| Significance | ||||
| Variety | * | * | * | * |
| Salinity stress | * | * | * | * |
| Variety × Salinity stress | * | * | * | * |
Control (no saline water); MSS = medium salinity stress (50 mM NaCl); SSS = severe salinity stress (100 mM NaCl); VSSS = very severe salinity stress (150 mM NaCl); NS = no survival; the different letters in a column differed significantly by Tukey’s W test (*, 5% level of significance), (n = 5).