Table 4.

Impact of salinity stress on total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and total antioxidant activity of four selected genotypes of A. lividus leafy vegetable.

Treatment	Total Polyphenol Content (µg g−1 GAE dw)	Total Flavonoid Content (µg g−1 QE dw)	Total Antioxidant Activity (%)
Variety × Salinity stress
Green tower × Control	48.46 ± 0.05 n	38.50 ± 0.23 m	13.74 ± 0.16 f
Green tower × MSS	53.76 ± 0.06 m	44.76 ± 0.27 l	13.84 ± 0.15 f
Green tower × SSS	112.53 ± 0.07 l	50.28 ± 0.21 k	16.34 ± 0.12 e
Green tower × VSSS	172.38 ± 0.08 k	52.52 ± 0.28 j	18.88 ± 0.11 d
SA3 × Control	221.66 ± 0.07 i	53.35 ± 0.25 i,j	9.61 ± 0.17 g
SA3 × MSS	258.57 ± 0.06 e	81.96 ± 0.23 e	19.48 ± 0.10 d
SA3 × SSS	293.21 ± 0.07 c	122.69 ± 0.24 b	20.64 ± 0.14 c
SA3 × VSSS	NS	NS	NS
Red tower × Control	239.89 ± 0.05 g	54.88 ± 0.21 i	8.56 ± 0.13 h
Red tower × MSS	271.08 ± 0.06 d	63.76 ± 0.20 h	9.51 ± 0.16 g
Red tower × SSS	319.75 ± 0.06 b	77.36 ± 0.27 f	22.28 ± 0.14 b
Red tower × VSSS	NS	NS	NS
SA6 × Control	203.52 ± 0.05 j	66.80 ± 0.22 g	4.47 ± 0.12 i
SA6 × MSS	235.58 ± 0.08 h	109.81 ± 0.26 d	13.81 ± 0.15 f
SA6 × SSS	253.99 ± 0.05 f	114.99 ± 0.26 c	18.61 ± 0.13 d
SA6 × VSSS	337.07 ± 0.05 a	137.85 ± 0.29 a	29.95 ± 0.12 a
Variety
Green tower	96.78 ± 0.06 d	46.51 ± 0.23 d	15.70 ± 0.12 b
SA3	193.36 ± 0.06 c	64.50 ± 0.26 b	12.43 ± 0.13 c
Red tower	207.68 ± 0.04 b	49.00 ± 0.25 c	10.09 ± 0.12 d
SA6	257.54 ± 0.05 a	107.36 ± 0.29 a	16.71 ± 0.16 a
Salinity stress
Control	209.36 ± 0.04 c	56.89 ± 0.27 c	10.38 ± 0.11 d
MSS	219.44 ± 0.03 b	76.45 ± 0.33 b	14.79 ± 0.15 b
SSS	230.18 ± 0.03 a	89.95 ± 0.28 a	18.84 ± 0.15 a
VSSS	127.36 ± 0.03 d	44.09 ± 0.27 d	12.21 ± 0.12 c
Significance
Variety	*	*	*
Salinity stress	*	*	*
Variety × Salinity stress	*	*	*

Control (no saline water); MSS = medium salinity stress (50 mM NaCl); SSS = severe salinity stress (100 mM NaCl); VSSS = very severe salinity stress (150 mM NaCl); NS = no survival; different letters in a column differed significantly by Tukey’s W test (*, 5% level of significance), (n = 5).