Table 2.

Different types of antimicrobial agents and their mode of action.

Name of the Compound	Type	Mode of Action	Effective Against	Reference
Triton X-100	surfactant	autolysis, targeting EPS	S. aureus	[31,32]
Tween 80	surfactant	N/A	P. aeruginosa, S. aureus	[30]
Quarternary ammonium compounds	surfactant	Cell lysis and death	several bacteria	[34]
Poloxamer containing non-ionic surfactant	surfactant	EPS metalloproteinase modulation	P. aeruginosa	[34]
Rhamnolipids	bio-surfactant	N/A	S. aureus, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes	[36]
EDTA	chelators	damage to cell wall	P. aeruginosa	[40]
Chitosan	biomaterial	membrane damage	P. aeruginosa	[41]
Secondary metabolite from Citrus limonoids	secondary metabolite	quorum sensing	Vibriyo harveyi	[42]
Cyclo(l-Tyr-l-Leu)	secondary metabolite	inhibit EPS	S. epidermidis	[43]
Cahuitamycins	secondary metabolite	N/A	A. baumanii	[44]
Phlorotannin	secondary metabolite	damaging membrane permeability/ cell lysis	MRSA	[45]
α-amylase	enzyme	degrade EPS	MRSA	[46]
Polyamine norspermidine	polyamine	interacts with EPS	B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aureus	[47]
D-amino acids	amino acid	target YqxM	E. coli, S. aureus	[48]
N-acetylcysteine/NAC	amino acid	degrade EPS polysaccharide	Rapidly growing Mycobacterium	[49]
Esp (Serine protease)	enzymes	degrade EPS protein content	S. aureus	[50]
DNase I	enzymes	degrade eDNA	E. coli, S. aureus	[51]
tea-tree oil	secondary metabolite	metabolism	S. aureus	[52]
Protease from P. aeruginosa	enzymes	degrade EPS protein content	S. aureus	[53]