Table 5.
Blood test analyses.
| KD + Placebo (N = 6) |
KD + KF (N = 6) |
Control (N = 4) |
Comparison between Groups (p Value) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White blood cells, ×103/μL | ||||
| Baseline | 6.380 ± 1.942 | 5.953 ± 1.174 | 4.855 ± 0.755 | 0.293 |
| Day 5 | 5.295 ± 1.309 | 5.643 ± 1.024 | 5.212 ± 0.709 | 0.791 |
| Red blood cells, ×106/μL | ||||
| Baseline | 5.293 ± 0.291 | 5.177 ± 0.241 | 5.420 ± 0.415 | 0.489 |
| Day 5 | 5.423 ± 0.091 | 5.260 ± 0.219 | 5.282 ± 0.512 | 0.589 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | ||||
| Baseline | 15.63 ± 0.96 | 15.43 ± 0.70 | 15.72 ± 0.75 | 0.844 |
| Day 5 | 16.02 ± 0.45 | 15.80 ± 0.99 | 15.55 ± 0.72 | 0.642 |
| Hematocrit, % | ||||
| Baseline | 47.00 ± 1.87 | 46.58 ± 1.74 | 48.08 ± 2.28 | 0.498 |
| Day 5 | 47.35 ± 1.25 | 46.83 ± 2.59 | 46.48 ± 2.94 | 0.832 |
| Platelet count, ×103/μL | ||||
| Baseline | 278.7 ± 59.1 | 261.8 ± 34.4 | 252.8 ± 40.2 | 0.673 |
| Day 5 | 232.0 ± 56.8 * | 265.2 ± 41.0 | 247.5 ± 48.9 | 0.525 |
| AST, U/L | ||||
| Baseline | 17.7 ± 3.9 | 18.2 ± 1.6 | 20.2 ± 2.6 | 0.394 |
| Day 5 | 18.5 ± 4.0 | 18.2 ± 3.2 | 20.0 ± 3.8 | 0.732 |
| ALT, U/L | ||||
| Baseline | 16.5 ± 6.1 | 22.3 ± 11.9 | 19.8 ± 8.1 | 0.556 |
| Day 5 | 15.7 ± 5.6 | 21.2 ± 13.8 | 21.5 ± 14.6 | 0.651 |
| γGTP, U/L | ||||
| Baseline | 21.3 ± 6.3 | 26.7 ± 16.3 | 19.5 ± 7.2 | 0.582 |
| Day 5 | 18.3 ± 4.0 | 23.2 ± 15.5 | 18.2 ± 8.4 | 0.688 |
| ALP, U/L | ||||
| Baseline | 209.8 ± 37.3 | 241.3 ± 57.0 | 254.0 ± 57.8 | 0.376 |
| Day 5 | 190.8 ± 35.3 * | 236.3 ± 53.2 | 243.0 ± 41.2 | 0.145 |
| BUN, mg/dL | ||||
| Baseline | 12.0 ± 2.5 | 11.7 ± 2.1 | 12.2 ± 3.3 | 0.938 |
| Day 5 | 16.7 ± 2.4 * | 15.2 ± 2.6 ** | 13.2 ± 2.6 | 0.156 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | ||||
| Baseline | 0.845 ± 0.099 | 0.770 ± 0.053 | 0.838 ± 0.048 | 0.200 |
| Day 5 | 0.883 ± 0.074 | 0.812 ± 0.075 | 0.883 ± 0.075 | 0.220 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | ||||
| Baseline | 5.57 ± 1.00 | 6.12 ± 0.93 | 5.70 ± 0.70 | 0.571 |
| Day 5 | 8.50 ± 1.14 ** | 9.38 ± 1.30 ** | 5.83 ± 0.39 | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | ||||
| Baseline | 167.5 ± 23.1 | 177.0 ± 20.0 | 183.5 ± 24.0 | 0.533 |
| Day 5 | 180.5 ± 10.3 | 183.0 ± 45.6 | 174.8 ± 26.7 | 0.921 |
| TG, mg/dL | ||||
| Baseline | 66.0 ± 16.9 | 99.3 ± 56.6 | 66.5 ± 15.7 | 0.265 |
| Day 5 | 50.3 ± 10.3 | 55.8 ± 14.0 | 91.2 ± 24.8 | 0.004 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | ||||
| Baseline | 52.8 ± 8.2 | 52.8 ± 12.4 | 63.5 ± 11.4 | 0.264 |
| Day 5 | 50.8 ± 11.2 | 52.8 ± 10.0 | 59.0 ± 9.4 | 0.482 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | ||||
| Baseline | 108.8 ± 25.4 | 109.2 ± 13.1 | 110.2 ± 20.5 | 0.994 |
| Day 5 | 121.5 ± 9.9 | 114.7 ± 44.5 | 103.8 ± 18.5 | 0.659 |
| Albumin, g/dL | ||||
| Baseline | 4.75 ± 0.12 | 5.03 ± 0.18 | 4.80 ± 0.08 | 0.009 |
| Day 5 | - | - | - | |
| Transthyretin, mg/dL | ||||
| Baseline | 31.40 ± 4.26 | 34.77 ± 4.65 | 35.02 ± 3.99 | 0.334 |
| Day 5 | 23.95 ± 1.94 ** | 28.17 ± 5.89 ** | 35.80 ± 5.73 | 0.007 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | ||||
| Baseline | 84.7 ± 3.5 | 88.0 ± 4.9 | 87.8 ± 1.3 | 0.287 |
| Day 5 | 74.0 ± 3.4 ** | 77.0 ± 5.0 ** | 89.5 ± 2.4 | <0.001 |
| Glucagon, pg/mL | ||||
| Baseline | 128.5 ± 16.5 | 129.3 ± 24.5 | 142.8 ± 6.1 | 0.454 |
| Day 5 | 167.8 ± 24.8 * | 153.7 ± 41.8 | 138.8 ± 13.7 | 0.369 |
| Insulin, μIU/mL | ||||
| Baseline | 4.95 ± 1.63 | 5.07 ± 2.34 | 4.50 ± 1.05 | 0.887 |
| Day 5 | 2.28 ± 1.05 ** | 2.45 ± 0.79 * | 5.38 ± 0.62 * | < 0.001 |
| CRP, mg/dL | ||||
| Baseline | 0.030 ± 0.017 | 0.023 ± 0.008 | 0.020 ± 0.000 | 0.394 |
| Day 5 | 0.045 ± 0.061 | 0.050 ± 0.060 | 0.020 ± 0.000 | 0.669 |
| Na, mEq/L | ||||
| Baseline | 4.27 ± 0.22 | 4.10 ± 0.14 | 4.25 ± 0.26 | 0.345 |
| Day 5 | 4.37 ± 0.19 | 4.30 ± 0.24 | 4.22 ± 0.35 | 0.694 |
| Cl, mEq/L | ||||
| Baseline | 102.0 ± 1.4 | 102.0 ± 1.7 | 102.5 ± 0.6 | 0.825 |
| Day 5 | 100.2 ± 2.5 | 100.8 ± 1.7 | 102.2 ± 2.2 | 0.352 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviations. *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, vs. baseline, paired t-test.