Table 3.

Associations between hypertension risk and cumulative average dietary intakes of animal, plant, and total protein in Chinese men and women ¹.

	Quintiles of Intake in Men					p for Trend	Quintiles of Intake in Women					p for Trend
	1	2	3	4	5		1	2	3	4	5
	(n = 1401)	(n = 1401)	(n = 1402)	(n = 1401)	(n = 1402)		(n = 1550)	(n = 1550)	(n = 1551)	(n = 1550)	(n = 1551)
Animal protein
Median intake (g/day)	1.9	10.7	18.9	27.4	41.0		2.2	9.5	16.5	24.1	35.8
Cases/person-years	673/13,487	529/15,623	494/14,584	495/14,048	395/10,711		689/14,309	544/17,203	456/15,928	380/15,207	307/11,935
Model 1	1 (ref)	0.70 (0.62, 0.78)	0.68 (0.60, 0.76)	0.71 (0.63, 0.80)	0.75 (0.66, 0.85)	<0.0001	1 (ref)	0.69 (0.61, 0.77)	0.61 (0.54, 0.69)	0.55 (0.48, 0.62)	0.57 (0.50, 0.66)	<0.0001
Model 2	1 (ref)	0.68 (0.60, 0.76)	0.63 (0.55, 0.71)	0.65 (0.57, 0.74)	0.66 (0.57, 0.76)	<0.00001	1 (ref)	0.70 (0.62, 0.78)	0.61 (0.54, 0.69)	0.53 (0.46, 0.61)	0.56 (0.47, 0.65)	<0.0001
Model 3	1 (ref)	0.75 (0.66, 0.85)	0.73 (0.63, 0.84)	0.77 (0.66, 0.91)	0.78 (0.65, 0.95)	0.137	1 (ref)	0.80 (0.70, 0.90)	0.75 (0.65, 0.87)	0.70 (0.59, 0.83)	0.76 (0.62, 0.93)	0.010
Plant protein
Median intake (g/day)	37.0	44.8	50.5	57.1	67.7		32.1	38.9	43.7	49.2	58.4
Cases/person-years	408/10,205	483/15,082	496/15,481	559/14,678	640/13,007		280/11,574	403/16,187	490/16,922	554/16,223	649/13,676
Model 1	1 (ref)	0.86 (0.76, 0.99)	0.84 (0.73, 0.96)	1.07 (0.93, 1.22)	1.29 (1.13, 1.46)	<0.0001	1 (ref)	1.01 (0.86, 1.18)	1.12 (0.97, 1.31)	1.34 (1.16, 1.56)	1.80 (1.55, 2.08)	<0.0001
Model 2	1 (ref)	0.88 (0.77, 1.01)	0.87 (0.76, 1.00)	1.11 (0.97, 1.28)	1.36 (1.19, 1.56)	<0.0001	1 (ref)	0.98 (0.84, 1.15)	1.08 (0.92, 1.26)	1.33 (1.14, 1.55)	1.71 (1.46, 1.99)	<0.0001
Model 3	1 (ref)	0.83 (0.72, 0.95)	0.78 (0.67, 0.91)	0.93 (0.79, 1.10)	1.11 (0.91, 1.36)	0.031	1 (ref)	0.89 (0.76, 1.05)	0.92 (0.77, 1.08)	1.07 (0.89, 1.28)	1.29 (1.04, 1.59)	0.0003
Total protein
Median intake (g/day)	60.0	67.6	73.4	79.4	90.5		52.1	58.7	63.4	68.8	79.3
Cases/person-years	540/12,887	531/15,563	552/16,146	516/13,799	447/10,058		514/14,132	522/17,435	514/17,042	469/15,248	357/10,725
Model 1	1 (ref)	0.84 (0.74, 0.95)	0.85 (0.75, 0.95)	0.92 (0.82, 1.04)	1.11 (0.97, 1.26)	0.050	1 (ref)	0.82 (0.73, 0.93)	0.81 (0.72, 0.92)	0.85 (0.75, 0.97)	0.95 (0.83, 1.09)	0.590
Model 2	1 (ref)	0.81 (0.72, 0.92)	0.85 (0.75, 0.96)	0.92 (0.81, 1.04)	1.08 (0.94, 1.23)	0.095	1 (ref)	0.85 (0.75, 0.96)	0.85 (0.75, 0.97)	0.88 (0.78, 1.01)	1.02 (0.88, 1.18)	0.773
Model 3	1 (ref)	0.80 (0.71, 0.90)	0.81 (0.72, 0.92)	0.87 (0.76, 0.99)	0.97 (0.84, 1.13)	0.832	1 (ref)	0.85 (0.75, 0.96)	0.83 (0.73, 0.95)	0.85 (0.74, 0.98)	0.97 (0.83, 1.14)	0.692

¹ Values are presented as HRs (95% CIs), calculated by using Cox proportional hazard analyses. Dietary intakes were calculated as the energy-adjusted cumulative average of baseline and follow-up data. Tests for the linear trend of HRs were conducted by using the median value for each quintile of intake as a continuous variable. Model 1: adjusted for baseline age, BMI, and dietary intake of TE. Model 2: variables adjusted for in Model 1 + residential area, highest education level, household income level, PAL, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and SBP at baseline. Model 3: variables adjusted for in Model 2 + dietary intakes of SFA, PUFA, dietary fiber, sodium, calcium, and magnesium. Mutual adjustment was performed for dietary animal and plant protein. BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; PAL, physical activity level; PUFA, polyunsaturated fat; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SFA, saturated fat; TE, total energy.