Table A3.
Univariate logistic regression of rick of suspected depression in three time points.
| Risk of Suspected Depression by the WHO-5T in COSMO | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time Point 1 | Time Point 2 | Time Point 3 | ||||||||||
| 19–20 May 2020 | 15–16 September 2020 | 21–22 December 2020 | ||||||||||
| % of Depression 1 | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | % of Depression | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | % of Depression | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male (reference) | 31.24% | [29.14, 33.34] | 32.02% | [27.90, 36.13] | 35.22% | [31.01–39.44] | ||||||
| Female | 39.80% | [37.60, 42.00] | 1.46 | [1.12, 1.90] ** | 37.48% | [33.16, 41.79] | 1.27 | [0.98, 1.65] | 46.56% | [42.08–51.03] | 1.60 | [1.24, 2.07] *** |
| Age (continuous) | 35.60% | [32.59, 38.61] | 0.99 | [0.98, 0.99] ** | 34.75% | [31.81, 37.68] | 0.99 | [0.98, 1.00] * | 40.80% | [37.71–43.89] | 0.99 | [0.98, 0.99] ** |
| Age group (years) | ||||||||||||
| 18–24 (reference) | 48.28% | [42.89, 53.66] | 48.94% | [38.78, 59.10] | 53.39% | [44.35–62.43] | ||||||
| 25–34 | 37.17% | [33.95, 40.39] | 0.63 | [0.39, 1.05] | 30.32% | [23.73, 36.91] | 0.45 | [0.27, 0.76] ** | 41.88% | [34.87–48.90] | 0.63 | [0.40, 1.00] * |
| 35–49 | 38.72% | [35.73, 41.71] | 0.68 | [0.42, 1.10] | 35.97% | [30.56, 41.39] | 0.59 | [0.37, 0.94] * | 41.04% | [35.14–46.95] | 0.61 | [0.39, 0.94] * |
| 50–64 | 34.07% | [31.19, 36.94] | 0.55 | [0.34, 0.90] * | 37.68% | [31.95, 43.41] | 0.63 | [0.39, 1.01] | 38.73% | [33.06–44.41] | 0.55 | [0.39, 0.85] ** |
| ≥65 | 20.00% | [12.81, 27.19] | 0.27 | [0.15, 0.50] *** | 23.68% | [16.90, 30.47] | 0.32 | [0.19, 0.56] *** | 30.36% | [21.80–38.91] | 0.38 | [0.22, 0.65] *** |
| Education level | ||||||||||||
| No A-level (reference) | 37.59% | [33.05, 42.12] | 36.19% | [31.88, 40.51] | 38.98% | [34.27–43.69] | ||||||
| A-level | 33.96% | [29.93, 37.98] | 0.85 | [0.66, 1.11] | 33.46% | [29.46, 37.46] | 0.89 | [0.68, 1.15] | 42.14% | [38.05–46.24] | 1.14 | [0.88, 1.48] |
| Migration background awareness | ||||||||||||
| No (reference) | 34.78% | [31.54, 38.02] | 34.40% | [31.25, 37.56] | 38.91% | [35.51–42.31] | ||||||
| Yes | 40.43% | [32.30, 48.55] | 1.27 | [0.88, 1.83] | 36.88% | [28.89, 22.87] | 1.11 | [0.77, 1.61] | 48.91% | [41.67–56.16] | 1.50 | [1.09, 2.08] * |
| Household language other than German | ||||||||||||
| No (reference) | 36.95% | [33.44, 40.46] | 35.45% | [32.04, 38.86] | 40.69% | [37.11–44.27] | ||||||
| Yes | 31.56% | [25.71, 37.40] | 0.79 | [0.58, 1.07] | 32.68% | [26.94, 38.43] | 0.88 | [0.66, 1.19] | 41.13% | [34.99–47.27] | 1.02 | [0.76, 1.37] |
| Relationship status | ||||||||||||
| No (reference) | 40.74% | [35.59, 45.89] | 40.64% | [35.66, 45.63] | 51.60% | [46.05–57.16] | ||||||
| Yes | 32.69% | [29.00, 36.38] | 0.71 | [0.54, 0.93] * | 31.30% | [27.70, 34.90] | 0.67 | [0.51, 0.87] ** | 35.70% | [32.05–39.36] | 0.52 | [0.40, 0.68] *** |
| Age of children <18 years | ||||||||||||
| No (reference) | 35.08% | [31.51, 38.65] | 35.29% | [31.83, 38.76] | 40.77% | [37.06–44.47] | ||||||
| 0–5 years | 38.24% | [30.04, 46.43] | 1.08 | [0.74, 1.57] | 27.12% | [19.06, 35.17] | 0.66 | [0.43, 1.02] | 43.42% | [35.52–51.33] | 1.21 | [0.85, 1.73] |
| 6–13 years | 42.40% | [33.70, 51.10] | 1.45 | [0.98, 2.14] | 36.48% | [28.97, 43.98] | 1.10 | [0.77, 1.58] | 33.59% | [25.47–41.71] | 0.66 | [0.45, 0.99] * |
| 14–17 years | 27.16% | [17.41, 36.91] | 0.62 | [0.37, 1.03] | 40.32% | [28.01, 52.63] | 1.25 | [0.73, 2.13] | 42.86% | [31.73–53.98] | 1.21 | [0.75, 1.95] |
| Single parent | ||||||||||||
| No (reference) | 36.73% | [30.69, 42.78] | 33.76% | [27.72, 39.79] | 40.61% | [34.64–46.58] | ||||||
| Yes | 37.50% | [22.31, 52.69] | 1.03 | [0.52, 2.06] | 31.11% | [17.43, 44.79] | 0.89 | [0.45, 1.76] | 42.86% | [26.22–59.49] | 1.10 | [0.54, 2.24] |
| Employment | ||||||||||||
| No (reference) | NA | NA | 34.86% | [29.86, 39.86] | 47.48% | [41.60–53.36] | ||||||
| Yes | NA | NA | NA | NA | 34.69% | [31.06, 38.32] | 0.99 | [0.76, 1.30] | 38.13% | [34.52–41.74] | 0.68 | [0.52, 0.90] ** |
| Work in health sector | ||||||||||||
| No (reference) | 35.27% | [32.11, 38.44] | 35.48% | [32.43, 38.53] | 41.10% | [37.90–44.31] | ||||||
| Yes | 38.54% | [28.75, 48.33] | 1.15 | [0.75, 1.78] | 24.24% | [13.82, 34.66] | 0.58 | [0.33, 1.04] | 36.76% | [25.22–48.31] | 0.83 | [0.50, 1.39] |
| Self-employed | ||||||||||||
| No (reference) | 35.21% | [32.03, 38.38] | 34.83% | [31.78, 37.88] | 41.00% | [37.78–44.22] | ||||||
| Yes | 39.00% | [29.39, 48.61] | 1.18 | [0.77, 1.80] | 33.77% | [23.13, 44.40] | 0.95 | [0.58, 1.56] | 38.36% | [27.12–49.59] | 0.90 | [0.55, 1.46] |
| Household size # | ||||||||||||
| Just me (reference) | 38.73% | [33.06, 44.41] | 37.41% | [31.87, 42.96] | 46.49% | [40.00–52.98] | ||||||
| 2 people | 30.77% | [25.93, 35.60] | 0.70 | [0.51, 0.98] * | 31.98% | [27.21, 36.74] | 0.79 | [0.57, 1.09] | 35.99% | [31.05–40.93] | 0.65 | [0.46, 0.91] * |
| ≥ 3 people | 37.61% | [32.42, 42.81] | 0.95 | [0.69, 1.32] | 35.34% | [30.31, 40.37] | 0.91 | [0.66, 1.26] | 42.06% | [37.08–47.05] | 0.87 | [0.60, 1.16] |
| Inhabitants of hometown | ||||||||||||
| ≤20,000 (reference) | 32.59% | [27.74, 37.45] | 35.31% | [30.44, 40.18] | 43.54% | [38.54–48.53] | ||||||
| 20,001–100,000 | 36.51% | [30.42, 42.61] | 1.19 | [0.84, 1.68] | 32.21% | [26.59, 37.83] | 0.87 | [0.62, 1.22] | 40.32% | [34.26–46.37] | 0.88 | [0.63, 1.21] |
| 100,001–500,000 | 37.16% | [30.14, 44.18] | 1.22 | [0.84, 1.78] | 36.32% | [29.46, 43.17] | 1.05 | [0.73, 1.50] | 38.89% | [31.75–46.03] | 0.83 | [0.58, 1.19] |
| >500,000 | 38.62% | [31.66, 45.58] | 1.30 | [0.90, 1.88] | 35.68% | [28.75, 42.60] | 1.02 | [0.70, 1.47] | 37.27% | [29.77–44.76] | 0.77 | [0.53, 1.13] |
| Household income # | ||||||||||||
| <EUR 1250 (reference) | NA | NA | 48.65% | [40.57, 56.73] | 60.55% | [51.33–69.77] | ||||||
| EUR 1250–2249 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 38.75% | [32.57, 44.93] | 0.67 | [0.44, 1.01] | 43.28% | [36.97–49.59] | 0.50 | [0.31, 0.79] ** |
| EUR 2250–3999 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 30.39% | [25.64, 35.13] | 0.46 | [0.31, 0.68] *** | 37.21% | [32.09–42.32] | 0.39 | [0.25, 0.60] *** |
| ≥EUR 4000 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 24.73% | [18.44, 31.01] | 0.35 | [0.22, 0.55] *** | 32.63% | [25.95–39.32] | 0.32 | [0.19, 0.52] *** |
| Chronic disease awareness | ||||||||||||
| No (reference) | 31.68% | [28.03, 35.33] | 29.58% | [26.11, 33.05] | 36.46% | [32.73–40.20] | ||||||
| Yes | 42.65% | [37.44, 47.86] | 1.60 | [1.22, 2.10] ** | 44.67% | [39.43, 49.91] | 1.92 | [1.47, 2.52] *** | 49.10% | [43.73–54.47] | 1.68 | [1.29, 2.20] *** |
| Awareness of COVID-19 infection | ||||||||||||
| No (reference) | 35.49% | [32.44, 38.55] | 34.72% | [31.75, 37.69] | NA | NA | ||||||
| Yes | 38.71% | [21.28, 56.14] | 1.15 | [0.55, 2.39] | 36.00% | [16.80, 55.20] | 1.06 | [0.46, 2.42] | NA | NA | NA | NA |
1 Elevated rick of suspected depression represented by the WHO-5T ≤ 50; # OR for logistic regression only included complete data (answer as “not specified” was excluded). * means p < 0.05; ** means p < 0.01, *** means p < 0.001. Bold font indicates statistical significance. NA: not available (not collected in this time point).