Table 4.

Effects of music on vital signs and visual analogue scale for pain.

Assessment	Group		Time		Group × Time
	p	η2	p	η2	p	η2
HR	0.420	0.458	0.066	0.396	0.306	0.285
SBP	0.797	0.004	0.049	0.412	0.115	0.363
DBP	0.756	0.005	0.170	0.335	0.468	0.238
SpO2	0.010	0.268	0.010	0.484	0.003	0.523
VAS	0.046	0.178	<0.001	0.739	0.155	0.353

heart rate (HR); systolic blood pressure (SBP); diastolic blood pressure (DBP); pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (SpO₂); visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain.