Authors; Year	Type of Study	Patients	Conclusions
Marchal C, et al. (2011).	Cut study.	53 patients with posterior tibial nerve stimulation.	It should be noted that posterior tibial nerve stimulation is an appropriate option for the treatment of OAB. In addition, the appropriate point to begin retreatment would be 24 months after the end of therapy.
Burton C, et al. (2012).	Systematic review and meta-analysis.	6 randomized trials and 10 non-randomized prospective studies.	There is a significant improvement in OAB patients receiving treatment with PTNS. This technique is comparable with the effects produced by antimuscarinics, but with better safety regarding side effects. To be able to recommend PTNS as a treatment, it is necessary to obtain long-term data and perform an economic analysis on health, since in the review the included studies only estimated the short-term results after the initial treatment.
Peters KM, et al. (2013)	Prospective study.	35 users.	Performing an average of 1.3 sessions per month, PTNS is a safe option for the treatment of OAB, as well as being durable and effective in the long term for the control of OAB symptoms.
Yoong W, et al. (2013).	Prospective study.	30 women.	Women with PTNS treatment for OAB achieve significant relief of symptoms at 2 years. Therefore, it is considered a second-line treatment, safe and with excellent durability.
Gaziev G, et al. (2013)	Bibliographic review.	32 studies.	The PTNS is a safe and effective technique for patients with OAB; more studies are necessary to be able to evaluate the role of the PTNS in the remaining situations and to be able to evaluate the durability of the long-term treatment.
Moosdorff-Steinhauser HF, et al. (2013)	Systematic Review.	4 RCTs and 6 prospective observational cohort studies.	PTNS is effective for UUI and frequency. However, a higher number of studies with higher quality are needed to improve the evidence on PTNS in nocturia and emergencies, to detail the criteria when selecting patients and the optimal treatment modalities and the effects that may arise long term, in addition to effectiveness in other more pragmatic trials.
Sucar S, et al. (2014)	Bibliographic review.	6 RCT.	Stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve is currently one of the most promising therapeutic techniques for pelvic floor disorders.
Santos E, et al. (2014)	Randomized controlled trial.	24 patients.	PTNS is one of the safe and effective treatment options to treat post-stroke neurogenic OAB.
Priyanka G, et al. (2015)	Narrative review.	-	PTNS and SNM are the most widely used treatments for pelvic floor disorders. PTNS is a minimally invasive process, highly effective in the treatment of IF, OAB and pelvic pain. In addition, it has few side effects, although it is limited, since patients need to visit the office on a weekly basis to receive the sessions. Regarding sacral neuromodulation, it is carried out using an implanted device capable of stimulating the S3 nerve root and, thus, improving pelvic pain, non-obstructive urinary retention (NOUR) and OAB symptoms.
Tubaro A, et al. (2015)	Systematic Review.	-	Botulinum toxin A is recommended as third-line treatment in OAB (USA) and for UUI (USA and Europe) in patients who do not respond positively to drug treatment. Before opting for surgery, it is necessary to assess all the treatment alternatives available for OAB and UUI.
Schneider M, et al. (2015)	Systematic review.	16 studies (4 randomized controlled trials [RCTs], 9 prospective cohort studies, 2 retrospective case series, and 1 case report).	Although the data obtained from RCTs and non-RCTs indicate that TN stimulation may be safe and effective as a treatment for NLUTD, the evidence is insufficient, since the studies are small and non-comparative, with a high risk of confusion and bias.
Zecca C, et al. (2016)	Literature review	7 open prospective studies and 313 patients with multiple sclerosis.	Despite the limitation of the data, PTNS is considered an effective and safe option as a treatment in the management of LUTS for patients with multiple sclerosis.
Manríquez V, et al. (2016)	Randomized controlled trial.	70 patients.	PTNS and ROS show similar benefits in OAB patients after 12 weeks of treatment.
de Wall L, et al. (2017)	Literature review.	-	OAB generally affects adults and children all over the world, which has a great economic and psychological impact. PTNS is a neuromodulation technique used to facilitate storage of the bladder and modulate its function. It is a time-consuming, easy-to-apply and minimally invasive treatment, so implantable devices can be a great solution to solve the long-term financial burden associated with PTNS.
Valles C, et al. (2017)	Retrospective study.	65 patients with urge urinary incontinence refractory to medical treatment.	TPTNS is a well-tolerated and effective treatment for UUIs that do not respond adequately to first-line therapies, and therefore, should be offered earlier in the treatment strategy. It is necessary to carry out new studies to be able to identify the ideal stimulation parameters, the most effective protocols, its long-term efficacy, as well as the correct way to carry it out in patients with a neurogenic basis.
Vecchioli C, et al. (2017)	Randomized controlled trial.	60 women with OAB.	The study shows that PTNS and ES + PFMT are effective in women with OAB, but results are better with PTNS.
Del Río S, et al. (2017)	Prospective study.	200 women diagnosed with OAB.	PTNS is capable of improving OAB symptoms for up to 24 months after completion of treatment. In addition, the first sensation of fullness of the bladder and the diurnal urinary frequency are independent predictors and are of great importance for the success of the PTNS.
Canbaz S, et al. (2017)	Prospective study.	34 patients.	With the results obtained, it has been shown that patients with multiple sclerosis and treated with PTNS can achieve significant durability for 12 months.
Vecchioli C, et al. (2018)	Randomized controlled trial.	105 women with OAB.	All treatments became effective; however, PTNS demonstrated greater effectiveness compared to SS. On the other hand, the combination of both techniques was more effective and with greater durability than the PTNS and SS separately.
Ramírez I, et al. (2019)	Randomized controlled trial.	68 patients (67.6% women), mean age 59.6 years.	This is the first RCT to evaluate the efficacy of TTNS compared to PTNS and shows that there is no inferiority between the two techniques in reducing daytime frequency. In addition, it manages to reduce UUI episodes and improve quality of life, so with the results obtained and its easy application, the prescription of this technique can be increased.
Iyer S, et al. (2019)	Retrospective cohort study.	213 patients.	PTNS is a therapy that can provide both subjective and objective improvements for patients who do not respond to treatment with OAB medication.
Rostaminia G, et al. (2019)	Retrospective Review.	162 women with a mean age of 72.7 ± 11.3 years.	Among women treated for OAB with PTNS, history of anxiety/depression and severe UUI were positive predictors for successful PTNS outcome.
Pincus J, et al. (2019)	Retrospective review.	66 patients.	OAB symptoms remain stable after treatment for 12 sessions per year. However, a history of urogynecological surgery is a negative factor regarding the improvement of patients with OAB symptoms who have received monthly PTNS treatment for 12 months.
Sirls LT, et al. (2019)	Prospective study.	9 women.	CTNS is effective and safe in the treatment of UI and OAB. However, the data are limited.
Alka B, et al. (2020)	Narrative Review.	-	In cases where medication fails to improve symptoms, more invasive treatment options are chosen, such as stimulation of the posterior NT or the sacral nerve or treatments with botulinum toxin A. Scientific professionals recommend the use of percutaneous posterior NT stimulation as third-line treatment, once it has been reviewed by a multidisciplinary team and pharmacological treatment has previously failed.
Fuentes I, et al. (2020)	Prospective observational longitudinal design.	32 women with 58.69 ± 8.96 years.	PTNS using electroacupuncture is an effective treatment for UUI, but its effect decreases over time, even so, the improvement compared to baseline is maintained throughout the follow-up period.
Lashin AM, et al. (2020)	Randomized controlled trial.	57 patients with OAB.	A treatment with PTNS for 6 weeks is more effective and successful than performing sham treatment in patients with OAB. Thus, treatment with PTNS for 6 weeks makes it more cost-effective and more accessible for patients.