Table 2.

Comparison of treatment regimens for the treatment of LTBI in world practice.

Anti-TB Drug	Treatment Duration	Benefits of Treatment	Disadvantages of Treatment	Adverse Events	Reference
Rifampicin	4 months, daily rifampicin intake	Greater adherence and fewer side effects	Development of side effects	Hepatotoxicity; immunoallergic reactions: minor (a cutaneous, gastrointestinal, or flu-like syndrome) or major (hemolytic anemia, shock, or acute renal failure); discoloration of body fluids	[114] [116] [117]
Isoniazid	6–12 months, daily intake	Isoniazid prophylaxis provides an additional protective effect of ART	Treatment duration, low patient adherence, development of side effects	Hepatotoxicity, estimated at 1 to 4%, occurring within the first few months after starting treatment; peripheral neuropathy, which can be prevented by the addition of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine); dermatitis and lupus syndrome	[83,88,115,117]
Rifampicin + pyrazinamide	2 months, daily intake	Greater adherence, given the duration of therapy	Development of undesirable phenomena. Not recommended by WHO	Severe hepatotoxicity; increased uric acid levels, joint pain	[78,118]
Isoniazid + rifapentine	Once a week for 12 weeks	Short duration of the regimen, low incidence of side effects	Development of side effects	Hepatotoxicity rarely occurs Rifampicin is a potent inducer of the hepatic CYP450 system in the liver and intestine. It also induces increasing hydrazine production via isoniazid hydrolase (especially in slow acetylators) Rarely: pyrexial syndrome, renal failure, precipitous thrombocytopenia, epistaxis, and bleeding of the tongue and lips	[116,117] [119] [120]