Figure 2.

The mechanism of improving skin health by probiotics via blocking the inflammatory pathways. (1) Picture depicts dysbiosis and infection due to pathogenic bacteria (Red colored) causing inflammation. (2) Probiotic bacteria (Blue-green colored) occupy a similar ecological niche to that of pathogenic microbes and avoiding their colonization. Probiotics improve immune tolerance, reduce inflammation, and also release important biochemicals such as bacteriocins, modulins, antimicrobial peptides and propionic acid that inhibit growth of harmful microbes. (3) Recovery of the skin barrier function leading to healthy skin with healthy commensal bacteria. Following are several skin problems in which topical probiotics have shown results.