Figure 10.

PU-nGO nanofiber synergizes with dynamic mechanical tension in myogenic differentiation. After 3 days of differentiation on 8% PU-nGO nanofiber under dynamic tension force using Flexcell machine (10% strain, 0.5 Hz, 1 h/day), (a) SEM, (b) immunocytochemistry of myosin heavy chain (MHC) images were taken. Fully covered C2C12 cells on 8% PU-nGO nanocomposite were observed by SEM. MHC expression and aligned myotubular formation were highly up-regulated in 8% PU-nGO under dynamic tension compared to static incubation. Dynamic tension and nGO worked in synergy to enhance the myogenesis of C2C12 cells. (c) Myogenic gene expression results (alpha-actinin, myogenin, and MyoD). Dynamic tension enhanced myogenic gene expression synergistically with nGO. Different letters indicating significant differences among them (p < 0.05, n = 4). Data reproduced with permission from Ref. [96].