Table 4.

Overall and subgroup meta-analysis results for significant variables.

Category	Variable	Relevant Trials		Meta-Analysis
			Weights (%)	Beta Coefficient	Standard Error	p-Value
Chemical Scavenger	Vitamin C	Study 1	44.96	−0.0586	0.1440	0.6842
		Study 2	13.85	0.3504	0.2595	0.1784
		Study 4	15.74	0.0988	0.2434	0.6855
		Study 5	25.45	0.5166	0.1914	0.0080
		Overall	100	0.1692	0.0966	0.0797
		Asian sub	-	0.0377	0.1259	0.7647
		Western sub	-	0.3570	0.1505	0.0177
	Vitamin B6	Study 1	25.81	−0.0182	0.1391	0.8959
		Study 2	25.22	1.1703	0.1674	<0.0001
		Study 4	24.99	1.3509	0.1778	<0.0001
		Study 5	23.98	0.7359	0.2188	0.0010
		Overall	100	0.8045	0.3110	0.0097
		Asian sub	-	0.5724	0.5942	0.3354
		Western sub	-	1.0566	0.3072	0.0006
	Vitamin B12	Study 1	26.69	−0.0662	0.1088	0.5432
		Study 2	25.65	0.9322	0.1377	<0.0001
		Study 4	26.26	0.5640	0.1213	<0.0001
		Study 5	21.40	0.4148	0.2353	0.0805
		Overall	100	0.4583	0.2170	0.0347
		Asian sub	-	0.4294	0.4992	0.3896
		Western sub	-	0.5327	0.1078	<0.0001
	Folate	Study 2	26.92	1.0468	0.1728	<0.0001
		Study 3	24.44	1.2046	0.2128	<0.0001
		Study 4	26.12	0.3212	0.1857	0.0869
		Study 5	22.52	0.6692	0.2440	0.0070
		Overall	100	0.8108	0.2024	0.0001
		Asian sub	-	1.1095	0.1341	<0.0001
		Western sub	-	0.4488	0.1478	0.0024
	β-carotene	Study 1	15.13	−0.0354	0.0834	0.6718
		Study 2	17.85	0.9339	0.1755	<0.0001
		Study 3	18.32	0.2889	0.1985	0.1495
		Study 4	15.87	0.8014	0.1063	<0.0001
		Study 5	17.82	0.0156	0.2023	0.9388
		Study 6	15.01	0.1826	0.1047	0.0851
		Overall	100	0.3631	0.1681	0.0307
		Korean sub	-	0.2057	0.0926	0.0263
		Asian sub	-	0.3248	0.2063	0.1154
		Western sub	-	0.4274	0.3924	0.2762
Oxidative Damage	Ox-LDL (Square root)	Study 3	18.69	−0.3342	0.2371	0.1627
		Study 5	51.96	0.0085	0.1892	0.9644
		Study 6	29.35	−0.2063	0.1422	0.1507
		Overall	100	−0.1672	0.1025	0.1029
		Korean sub	-	−0.2401	0.1219	0.0489