Table 1.
Characteristics of the included observational studies and patients.
| Year; Author | 2018; Xia | 2019; Qi | 2020; Xue | 2020; Mcguinness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | China | China | China | USA |
| Type of study | PS | Cross-sectional | RS | RS |
| Study period | 06/2016–08/2017 | 06/2016–08/2017 | 01/2002–07/2019 | 07/2015–06/2018 |
| Inclusion criteria | Patients with uterine leiomyoma and adenomyosis treated with hysterectomy and salpingectomy; no hormonal medication within 3 mo; no history of tubal surgery | Premenopausal; unilateral or bilateral salpingectomy; complete data; no pregnancy; consent for participation | Salpingectomy | Surgery for EM by MIS; age < 55; no malignant cases; no previous laparotomy; no previous bil salpingectomy |
| Main outcomes | Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) | Characteristics, prevalence, clinical features, pathologic features, predictors of EM | Prevalence of tubal EM among groups | Prevalence of tubal EM among groups |
| Compared groups | AM without EM vs. EM without AM vs. control (uterine leiomyoma) | EM vs. no EM | EM vs. BN vs. MT | Salpingectomy vs. no salpingectomy |
| Indication for surgery | Leiomyoma, AM, EM | Fibroid, ovarian cyst, salpingitis/infertility, hydrosalpinx, malignancy, tubal sterilization, adenomyosis, EM | Leiomyoma, adenomyosis, endometrioid cysts, hydrosalpinx, uterine malformation, malignancy | EM, pelvic pain, cystic adnexal mass, infertility, fibroids, AUB |
| Patients (n) | 75 (20 vs. 35 vs. 20) | 1112 (161 vs. 951) | 261 (178 vs. 65 vs. 18) | 185 (97 vs. 88) |
| Patients age (years) | 44.4 ± 5.2 a vs. 43.4 ± 5.1 a vs. 47.2 ± 4.8 a
(AM vs. EM vs. control) |
44.89 ± 6 a vs. 45.9 ± 5.97 a, p = 0.002 (tubal EM vs. no EM) | 44 ± 7 a (total) | 41.26 ± 7.45 a vs. 34.24 ± 7.37 a (salpingectomy vs. no salpingectomy) |
| Other EM sites | N/A | Ovarian EM L: 70/R: 53/Bil: 34 |
Ovarian EM L: 70/R: 49 |
N/A |
| Site of EM (L/R/Bil) | N/A | 84 (40.37%)/65 (52.17%)/12 (7.45%), p < 0.005 (for L/R) | 168 (55.08%)/93 (30.49%)/44 (14.43%), p < 0.001 (for L/R) | N/A |
| Prevalence of tubal EM | 24/35 (69%) for EM group | 161/1112 (14.48%) | EM group: 178 (68.2%) BN group: 65 (24.9%) MT group: 18 (6.9%) |
34/97 (35%) salpingectomy group vs. 8/88 (9%) no salpingectomy group |
| Location in tube (tubal site/histologic layer) | N/A | Proximal: 78 (48.45%) Distal: 78 (48.45%) Proximal + distal: 5 (3.1%)/ Mucosa: 88 (54.66%) Myosalpinx: 10 (6.21%) Serosa: 52 (32.3%) Mucosa + serosa: 11 (6.83%) |
N/A | N/A |
| Predisposing factors | N/A | Previous EM, multi-organ EM, uterine seromuscular EM, severity of pelvic EM, young age, AUB, previous tubal ligation | N/A | N/A |
RS: retrospective, EM: endometriosis, AM: adenomyosis, BN: benign disease, MT: malignant disease, MIS: minimally invasive surgery, AUB: abnormal uterine bleeding, PID: pelvic inflammatory disease, IUD: intrauterine device, L: left, R: right, Bil: bilateral, a Mean ± SD, N/A: not available.