Fig 8. The outputs of multi-scale cell instance segmentation.

For illustration, we use three different images in three different rows. The first row is for a sparsely populated image, the second row is for a moderately populated image, and the third row is for a highly populated image. The framework contains two modules: (a) bounding box detection module and (b) individual cell segmentation module. The bounding box detection outputs the bounding boxes over each detected cell. The bounding box determines an object by indicating the top-left, top-right, bottom-left, bottom-right, and center points, respectively. The bounding boxes are used to create patches of cells, used for instance segmentation. The instance segmentation masks can be used to create borders (contours) and segmentations without borders, which are inside the areas of the segmented objects.