Table 1.

Carative factors, their descriptions.

Carative Factors (F1–F10)	Description
F1—Humanism	Formation of a humanistic-altruistic system of values. Humanistic-altruistic feelings and acts provide the basis of human caring and promote the best professional care, and as such, constitute the first and most basic factor for science and ethic of caring.
F2—Hope	Instillation of faith-hope. In this carative factor (CF), patients’ beliefs are encouraged, honored, and respected as significant influences in promoting and maintaining health.
F3—Sensibility	Cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and to others. Nurses who recognize and use their sensitivity promote self-development and self-actualization and are able to encourage the same growth in others. Without this factor, nursing care would fall.
F4—Helping relationship	Development of a helping-trusting, human caring relationship. The human caring relationship is transpersonal. In that it connotes a special kind of relationship: a connection with the other person, a high regard for the whole person, and their being-in-the-world.
F5—Expression of emotions	Promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings. The caring relationship can move to a deeper, more honest, and authentic level if the nurse allows for this CF.
F6—Problem solving	Systematic use of a creative problem-solving caring process. This process involves full use of self and all of one’s faculties, knowledge, instincts, intuition, aesthetics, technology, skills, empirics, ethics, personal, and even spiritual knowing.
F7—Teaching	Promotion of transpersonal teaching–learning. This CF makes explicit that learning is more than just receiving information and data. It involves a caring relationship as context for any teaching learning.
F8—Environment	Provision for a supportive, protective and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment. The areas that involve this factor are: comfort, privacy, safety, cleanliness, and aesthetic surroundings.
F9—Needs	Assistance with the gratification of human needs. All needs are equally important and must be valued and responded to for caring-healing.
F10—Spirituality	Allowance for existential–phenomenological–spiritual forces. This CF allows for spiritual filled meanings and unknowns to emerge open to infinite possibilities for miracles.