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. 2022 Feb 28;13(3):446. doi: 10.3390/genes13030446

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Phylogeny comparing ionotropic receptors (IRs) of Rhyzopertha dominica (red) to those of Anoplophora glabripennis (blue), Tribolium castaneum (yellow), and Agrilus planipennis (orange), rooted with the conserved co-receptors IR8a and IR25a. Colored circles at nodes represent Shimodaira–Hasegawa support values, shaded from black (0–0.5) to white (1.0). Black arcs describe the coleopteran lineages of conserved antennal IRs, named by their ortholog in Drosophila melanogaster (bottom right). Unlabeled IRs and the conserved monophyletic lineages IR100a (left) and IR60a (top) are classified as divergent IRs.