Table 2.
Studies involving tibial plateau malunions, sorted by lateral, posterolateral, medial, or bicondylar involvement. Deformities before and after surgical intervention are displayed.
| Study | Patients (#) | Malunion Deformity | Post-Surgical Alignment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lateral | Marti et al. | 21 | Valgus deformity < 20 degrees; lateral plateau depression < 20 mm | Mean improvement of tibiofibular angle (8.6 degrees); mean improvement in lateral plateau depression (6 mm) |
| Kerkhoffs et al. | 23 | Mean valgus deformity 13 degrees; mean plateau depression 7.7 mm | Mean tibiofibular angle 4.4 degrees; mean lateral plateau depression 1.7 mm | |
| Mastrokalos et al. | 1 | 20-degree valgus deformity with >15 mm lateral plateau depression | No angular deformity or plateau depression | |
| Kfuri and Schatzker | 1 | 5 mm | Normal alignment | |
| Furnstahl et al. | 1 | Plateau depression 3.6 mm; coronal deformity 10; sagittal deformity 7.0 degrees; torsional deformity 12.8 | Plateau depression 1.1 mm; coronal deformity improved to 0.5 degrees; sagittal deformity improved to 1.8 degrees; torsional deformity improved to 1.2 degrees. |
|
| Van Nielen DL et al. | 1 | Valgus deformity 8 degrees with posterolateral fragment depression 3 mm | Normal alignment | |
| Furnstahl et al. | 1 | Plateau depression 1.3 mm; coronal deformity 2.4 degrees; sagittal deformity 14.9 degrees; torsional deformity 1.8 degrees | Plateau depression improved to 0.2 mm; coronal deformity worsened to 3.5 degrees; sagittal deformity improved to 4.1 degrees; torsional deformity improved to 0.3 degrees | |
| Yang Di et al. | 7 | Mean plateau depression of 9.4 mm | Plateau depression <1 mm for all patients | |
| Medial | Pagkalos et al. | 1 | Plateau depression 15 mm 9 degrees coronal deformity | Normal alignment |
| Furnstahl et al. | 1 | Plateau depression 6.5 mm; coronal deformity 7.8 degrees; sagittal deformity 2.6 degrees; torsional deformity 2.5 degrees | Plateau depression improved to 1.0 mm; coronal deformity improved to 1.5 degrees; sagittal deformity improved to 0.4 degrees; torsional deformity improved to 0.8 degrees. | |
| Saengnipanthkul | 1 | 15-degree varus deformity; posteromedial slope 29 degrees; | Restored medial tibial plateau and medial posterior slope | |
| Kfuri and Schatzker | 1 | 25-degree varus 5 mm depression | Normal alignment | |
| Hosokawa et al. | 1 | 9-degree varus deformity; 27 degree flexion deformity | Total knee arthroplasty | |
| Posteromedial | Kfuri and Schatzker | 1 | 27-degree varus deformity 5 mm depressed | Normal alignment |
| Bicondylar | Wu CC | 14 | Varus knees with proximal medial tibial angle avg of 72 degrees | Proximal medial tibial angle improved to avg 88 degrees |
| Van Nielson DL et al. | Not stated | Normal alignment | ||
| Plateau Widening | Kfuri and Schatzker | 1 | Not stated | Normal alignment |