TABLE 1. Characteristics of case-patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who received invasive mechanical ventilation or died in the hospital (n = 1,440) and COVID-19 test-negative controls, by mRNA vaccination group — 21 hospitals,* 18 states, March 2021–January 2022.
| Characteristic | COVID-19 test-negative controls, no. (%) (n = 6,104) | Case patients with IMV or death, no. (%) |
P-value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vaccinated (n = 307) | Unvaccinated (n = 1,133) | |||
|
Age, median, yrs (IQR)
|
63 (50–72) |
69 (60–77) |
55 (42–66) |
<0.001 |
|
Female sex
|
3,043 (49.9) |
135 (44.0) |
463 (40.9) |
0.327 |
|
Race and ethnicity§
| ||||
| White, non-Hispanic |
3,690 (60.5) |
191 (62.2) |
638 (56.3) |
0.317 |
| Black, non-Hispanic |
1,276 (20.9) |
49 (16.0) |
200 (17.7) |
|
| Hispanic |
792 (13.0) |
47 (15.3) |
200 (17.7) |
|
| All other races, non-Hispanic |
262 (4.3) |
15 (4.9) |
59 (5.2) |
|
| Unknown |
84 (1.4) |
5 (1.6) |
36 (3.2) |
|
|
LTCF resident,¶ no./total no. (%)
|
330/5,920 (5.6) |
32/284 (11.3) |
20/1,023 (2.0) |
<0.001 |
|
One or more previous hospitalizations in the last year, no./total no. (%)
|
3,097/5,674 (54.6) |
125/284 (44.0) |
217/975 (22.3) |
<0.001 |
|
Current tobacco use, no./total no. (%)
|
1,035/5,426 (19.1) |
25/241 (10.4) |
97/835 (11.6) |
0.592 |
|
Immunocompromising condition, no./total no.
|
1,504 (24.6) |
123 (40.1) |
109 (9.6) |
<0.001 |
|
Among immunocompetent, no. of chronic medical condition types, median (IQR)
|
2 (1–3) |
2 (1.5–3) |
1 (0–2) |
<0.001 |
|
Specific categories of conditions
| ||||
| Chronic cardiovascular disease |
4,246 (69.6) |
252 (82.1) |
571 (50.4) |
<0.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease |
2,016 (33.0) |
91 (29.6) |
213 (18.8) |
<0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus |
1,991 (32.6) |
140 (45.6) |
323 (28.5) |
<0.001 |
|
Received 2 or 3 mRNA vaccine doses
|
4,020 (65.9) |
307 (100) |
0 (—) |
— |
|
Vaccinated, no. of doses received
| ||||
| 2 |
3,488 (86.8) |
277 (90.2) |
— |
— |
| 3 | 532 (13.2) | 30 (9.8) | — | — |
Abbreviations: IMV = invasive mechanical ventilation; LTCF = long-term care facility.
* Hospitals (cities, states) included Baystate Medical Center (Springfield, Massachusetts), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Boston, Massachusetts), Montefiore Medical Center (Bronx, New York), Vanderbilt University Medical Center (Nashville, Tennessee), University of Miami Medical Center (Miami, Florida), Emory University Medical Center (Atlanta, Georgia), Johns Hopkins Hospital (Baltimore, Maryland), Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center (Winston-Salem, North Carolina), Baylor Scott & White Health (Temple, Texas), University of Iowa Hospitals (Iowa City, Iowa), University of Michigan Hospital (Ann Arbor, Michigan), Hennepin County Medical Center (Minneapolis, Minnesota), Barnes-Jewish Hospital (St. Louis, Missouri), Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, Ohio), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (Columbus, Ohio), Stanford University Medical Center (Stanford, California), UCLA Medical Center (Los Angeles, California), UCHealth University of Colorado Hospital (Aurora, Colorado), Oregon Health & Science University Hospital (Portland, Oregon), Intermountain Medical Center (Murray, Utah), and University of Washington (Seattle, Washington).
† Comparisons between vaccinated and unvaccinated COVID-19 case-patients made by Pearson’s chi-square test for categorical variables or Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables.
§ Race and ethnic groups were self-reported as a single category by patient or proxy listed in table; “All other races, non-Hispanic” included Asian (151), Native American or Alaska Native (52), Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (33), and Other (100).
¶ LTCF included residence in a nursing home, assisted living home, or rehab hospital/other subacute or chronic facility before hospital admission.