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. 2022 Mar 18;2022:2513837. doi: 10.1155/2022/2513837

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Ketone bodies protected the hearts against LPS-induced acute myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction. (a). Blood β-OHB levels in Con, LPS, and LPS + KE mice (n = 5 per group). (b). The levels of ketone bodies (β-OHB; AcAc) in the Con, LPS, and LPS + KE hearts (n = 5 per group). (c). Representative echocardiography images of the Con, LPS, and LPS + KE hearts (n = 5 per group). (d–f) Cardiac function was indicated by ejection fractions (EF) (d), shortening fraction (FS) (e), and cardiac output (CO) (f) (n = 5 per group). (g and h) The levels of CK-MB (g) and LDH (h) in the plasma samples (n = 7 per group). (i) Representative images of hematoxylin and eosin- (H&E-) stained left ventricle tissue sections (n = 5 per group). Scale bar = 100 μm. Con, Control; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; and KE, ketone ester. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. Statistical comparisons were conducted by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test (a, b, d, e, f, g, and h). The exact P values were reported for the indicated comparisons, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001 for the indicated comparisons. ns: no significant difference.