Table 9.

Performance of machine learning algorithms in detecting multiple classes.

Model	Attacks	Accuracy (%)	Precision (%)	Recall (%)	F1 score (%)
Linear SVM	DoS	95.39	95	96	96
	Probe		87	79	83
	R2L		63	62	62
	U2R		0.00	0.00	0.00
	Normal		97	98	98
QSVM	DoS	92.89	96	94	95
	Probe		97	60	74
	R2L		0.00	0.00	0.00
	U2R		0.00	0.000	0.00
	Normal		91	100	95
KNN	DoS	98.28	99	98	99
	Probe		96	97	96
	R2L		91	80	85
	U2R		57	27	36
	Normal		98	99	99
Linear discriminant	DoS	93.18	94	96	95
	Probe		89	73	80
	R2L		33	88	48
	U2R		0.04	60	0.08
	Normal		97	95	96
	DoS	61.79	94	86	90
	Probe		84	28	42
	R2L		0.03	100	0.06
	U2R		0.00	0.00	0.00
	Normal		75	51	61