Table 5.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study | Publication year | Journal | Study type | Total sample size | Study demographic | Gold standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adams et al. [13] | 2015 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy | Retrospective cohort | 498 | USA | ERCP |
| Aleknaite et al. [28] | 2018 | United European Gastroenterology Journal | Retrospective cohort | 350 | Lithuania | ERCP & IOC |
| Bose et al. [32] | 2001 | Surgery Today | Prospective cohort | 88 | India | ERCP & IOC |
| Chan et al. [33] | 2008 | The American Journal of Surgery | Retrospective cohort | 182 | USA | ERCP |
| Chisholm et al. [30] | 2019 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy | Prospective cohort | 366 | USA | ERCP |
| He et al. [21] | 2017 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy | Prospective cohort | 2724 | China | ERCP |
| Jagtap et al. [16] | 2020 | Endoscopy | Prospective cohort | 1042 | India | ERCP |
| Jeon et al. [25] | 2017 | Gut and Liver | Retrospective cohort | 200 | Korea | ERCP |
| Kamath et al. [27] | 2016 | Indian Journal of Gastroenterology | Prospective cohort | 275 | Saudi Arabia | ERCP |
| Kuzu et al. [22] | 2017 | HPB | Retrospective cohort | 1074 | Turkey | ERCP |
| Lee et al. [29] | 2019 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International | Retrospective cohort | 754 | Korea | ERCP |
| Magalhaes et al. [18] | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy | Retrospective cohort | 268 | Portugal | ERCP |
| Nárvaez Rivera et al. [14] | 2016 | Spanish Journal of Gastroenterology | Prospective cohort | 256 | Spain | ERCP |
| Panda et al. [23] | 2018 | World Journal of Surgery | Retrospective cohort | 152 | USA | ERCP |
| Rahal et al. [34] | 2017 | European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology | Retrospective cohort | 354 | Lebanon | ERCP & IOC |
| Rubin et al. [19] | 2013 | Digestive Endoscopy | Retrospective cohort | 1080 | USA | ERCP |
| Sethi et al. [26] | 2016 | Digestive Endoscopy | Prospective cohort | 336 | USA | ERCP |
| Suarez et al. [24] | 2016 | Surgical Endoscopy | Prospective cohort | 173 | USA | ERCP |
| Videhult et al. [17] | 2011 | HPB | Prospective cohort | 1171 | Sweden | IOC |
| Yang et al. [31] | 2008 | Surgical Endoscopy | Retrospective cohort | 2225 | USA | Cholecystectomy |