Table 2. Association of Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Status With Cognition and Dementia Risk^a.

Variable	Attentionb					Memoryc					CAIDE dementia risk scored					Modified CAIDE dementia risk scoree
	F f	P value	LSM (SE)	No.	Cohen d (95% CI)	F f	P value	LSM (SE)	No.	Cohen d (95% CI)	F g	P value	LSM (SE)	No.	Cohen d (95% CI)	F h	P value	LSM (SE)	No.	Cohen d (95% CI)
Neighborhood-level SES groupi	0.70	.54	NA	NA	NA	8.84	.01	NA	NA	NA	7.79	.01	NA	NA	NA	8.39	.01	NA	NA	NA
Age	207.18	<.001				9.44	.002				NA	NA				38.24	<.001
Sex	0.80	.37				1.96	.16				NA	NA				12.83	<.001
Race	0.56	.45				4.76	.03				5.74	.02				6.91	.009
Years of education	5.33	.02				16.04	<.001				NA	NA				11.91	<.001
Rurality	1.57	.21				1.64	.20				3.41	.07				0.19	.66
Socioeconomic disadvantage	NA	NA	–0.01 (0.04)	912	0.03 (–0.07 to 0.15)	NA	NA	–0.12 (0.04)	912	0.11 (0.03 to 0.26)	NA	NA	0.14 (0.04)	912	0.11 (0.03 to 0.24)	NA	NA	0.16 (0.04)	912	0.10 (0.02 to 0.19)
Socioeconomic advantage			0.03 (0.04)	1268				0.02 (0.04)	1268				0.01 (0.04)	1268				0.03 (0.04)	1268

Abbreviations: CAIDE, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia; LSM, least squares mean; SES, socioeconomic status.

^a Univariate multiple regression analysis included 2181 participants.

^b Attention was measured by composite z scores from the Cogstate Brief Battery detection and identification tasks.

^c Memory was measured by composite z scores from the Cogstate Brief Battery one card learning and one-back tasks.

^d CAIDE outcomes were not adjusted for age, sex, or years of education because these variables contribute to the CAIDE score itself.

^e Modified CAIDE dementia risk score was calculated using only physical activity, history of hypercholesteremia, history of hypertension, and body mass index.

^f df = 1 to 2172.

^g df = 1 to 2176.

^h df = 1 to 2173.

ⁱ Socioeconomic status higher and lower than decile 8 on the Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage. P values were corrected for false discovery rate.