Table 2.

Study interventions and conditions.

Study	Condition	Intervention
Adamse et al [46]	Chronic pain to include chronic low back pain, osteoarthritis of the knee or hip, and rheumatoid arthritis	Telemedicine: internet-based technology used to communicate with patients to provide remote rehabilitation
Adhikari et al [47]	Prolapsed intervertebral disk, tennis elbow, rheumatoid arthritis, mechanical low back pain, traumatic ankle pain, and neck pain	Exercise pamphlets provided Via calls (4 times in 4 weeks); physiotherapist aided in the rehabilitation
Azma et al [48]	Knee osteoarthritis	Pamphlets provided (strengthening, endurance, flexibility, and ROMa exercises) Continue exercises 3 times per week for 6 weeks Patients remotely contacted weekly regarding exercise progression
Bini and Mahajan [49]	Total knee replacement	CaptureProof app provided 23 exercise videos Videos narrated by a therapist with on-screen instructions Patient responds with a recording of their exercise completion Therapist reviews and adjusts treatment as appropriate
Chen et al [50]	Shoulder adhesive capsulitis	MSDb measures ROM Patient app used by patient and physician app used by a health care professional Effectiveness of rehab measured using patient and physician app
Correia et al [51]	Total knee arthroplasty	Physiotherapist trained patient or caregiver in the use of the platform Sessions performed 5 times per week for a minimum of 30 minutes
Dunphy et al [52]	ACLc reconstruction	Interviews with physiotherapists and patients
Eriksson et al [53]	Shoulder joint replacement	Patients supervised by a physiotherapist Physiotherapist contacted patient via videoconferencing
Eriksson et al [54]	Shoulder joint replacement	Patients supervised by a physiotherapist Physiotherapist contacted patient via videoconferencing
Gialanella et al [55]	Chronic neck pain	HBTd group comprising fortnightly calls Unscheduled calls in the event of uncontrolled pain Advice on exercise, disease status, pain, and disability provided
Irvine et al [56]	Sedentary behavior in older adults	Active after 55 to 12 sessions, 10 to 15 minutes each More challenging exercises progressively introduced SMS text messages and video messages to assist with goal setting
Jay et al [57]	Upper limb musculoskeletal pain	Video-based exercises showing correct performing of exercises Audio instructions provided for each exercise Web-based instructional material also made accessible
Lade et al [58]	Musculoskeletal elbow disorders	Participants were interviewed and examined face to face and remotely via a telerehabilitation system
Lawford et al [59]	Knee osteoarthritis	Participants received 5 to 10 telephone calls over 6 months Initial calls lasted approximately 40 minutes, with follow-up calls lasting 20 minutes Action plan involving home strengthening exercise program and physical activity plan were devised Program and goals adjusted as necessary
Lovo et al [60]	Chronic back disorder management	Urban PTe joined with NPf via telehealth to undergo a full neuromusculoskeletal lumbar spine assessment Patients provided with a summary of findings and answers to questions
Mani et al [61]	Musculoskeletal disorders assessments	Validity and inter- and intrarater reliabilities of telerehabilitation-based physiotherapy examined Two independent reviewers used QARELg and QUADASh to assess the methodological quality
Mecklenburg et al [62]	Chronic knee pain	Hinge health delivered remotely for 12 weeks Information provided for exercise therapy, education, CBTi, weight loss, and psychosocial support
Meijer et al [63]	Traumatic bone and soft tissue injuries	A total of 12 articles were included No studies on wearable-controlled games or rehabilitation games included All studies were low to moderate quality
Nelson et al [64]	Total hip replacement	Remotely delivered telerehabilitation into the home Technology-based HEPj provided using iPad app
Pastora-Bernal et al [65]	Subacromial decompression	Customized exercises through a web application Participants received 12-week (5 days per week) video exercises alongside a telerehabilitation patient manual
Peterson [66]	Chronic low back pain	Participants tracked daily pain levels and HEP adherence using a mobile phone app for 12 months following discharge
Piqueras et al [67]	Total knee arthroplasty	IVTk comprising 1-hour sessions for 10 days (5 performed under supervision and 5 performed at home)
Richardson et al [68]	Musculoskeletal disorders of the knee	Patient interview and face-to-face and web-based assessment via telerehabilitation system Telerehabilitation assessments involved facilitated self-palpation, self-applied modified orthopedic tests, and active movements and functional tasks
Rothgangel et al [69]	ACL reconstruction	A total of 7 Dutch private practices participated in this study Data collected regarding physiotherapists’ most used components, acceptability, and suggested improvements
Russell et al [70]	Musculoskeletal ankle disorders	Patient interviews conducted face to face and on the web via telerehabilitation Web-based assessment recorded via eHAB system to allow for interrater and intrarater reliability components to be performed
Shukla et al [71]	Total knee arthroplasty	Six publications included Patients experienced high levels of satisfaction with telerehabilitation alone No changes to outcomes of active knee extension and flexion
Tousignant et al [72]	Total knee arthroplasty	16 telerehabilitation sessions over 2 months Conducted via videoconferencing delivered to patients’ home
Wijnen et al [73]	Total hip arthroplasty	12-week home-based telerehabilitation program with instructions provided via a web-based app Strengthening and walking exercises of the affected hip included Remote coaching provided via weekly telephone calls Recommendations were given regarding exercise progression

^aROM: range of motion.

^bMSD: motion sensor device.

^cACL: anterior cruciate ligament.

^dHBT: home-based telemedicine.

^ePT: physical therapist.

^fNP: nurse practitioner.

^gQAREL: Quality Appraisal tool for studies of diagnostic reliability.

^hQUADAS: Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies.

ⁱCBT: cognitive behavioral therapy.

^jHEP: home exercise program.

^kIVT: interactive virtual telerehabilitation.