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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuropsychology. 2021 Sep 27;35(8):792–808. doi: 10.1037/neu0000769

Table 4:

Spelling Model

Indirect and Total Effects
95% C.I. (a)
Type Effect Estimate SE Lower Upper β
Indirect Age ⇒ ADHD Symptoms ⇒ Spelling 0.0577 0.196 −0.2432 0.6655 0.00578
Gender ⇒ ADHD Symptoms ⇒ Spelling −1.1261 0.932 −3.4819 0.1038 −0.03662
Working Memory ⇒ ADHD Symptoms ⇒ Spelling 0.9973 0.597 0.0539 2.3601 0.06566
Inhibitory Control ⇒ ADHD Symptoms ⇒ Spelling −0.0882 0.318 −1.0441 0.3897 −0.00581
Set Shifting ⇒ ADHD Symptoms ⇒ Spelling −0.2134 0.387 −1.5072 0.2424 −0.01405
Component Age ⇒ ADHD Symptoms −0.2825 0.808 −1.9961 1.1658 −0.03218
ADHD Symptoms ⇒ Spelling −0.2042 0.113 −0.4236 0.0153 −0.17955
Gender ⇒ ADHD Symptoms 5.5143 2.638 −0.3709 10.1621 0.20396
Working Memory ⇒ ADHD Symptoms −4.8836 1.543 −7.7853 −1.5937 −0.36570
Inhibitory Control ⇒ ADHD Symptoms 0.4319 1.236 −1.8602 2.9316 0.03235
Set Shifting ⇒ ADHD Symptoms 1.0450 1.469 −1.7605 3.9174 0.07825
Direct Age ⇒ Spelling −2.2996 0.939 −4.0711 −0.3956 −0.23029
Gender ⇒ Spelling 0.4737 2.968 −5.4316 6.2527 0.01540
Working Memory ⇒ Spelling 7.3651 1.516 4.2908 10.1782 0.48490
Inhibitory Control ⇒ Spelling 4.2287 1.357 1.6209 6.9949 0.27841
Set Shifting ⇒ Spelling 0.4406 1.316 −2.2828 2.8987 0.02901
Total Age ⇒ Spelling −2.2419 0.944 −4.0917 −0.3922 −0.22451
Gender ⇒ Spelling −0.6525 2.792 −6.1244 4.8194 −0.02122
Working Memory Spelling 8.3625 1.457 5.5069 11.2180 0.55056
Inhibitory Control ⇒ Spelling 4.1405 1.333 1.5284 6.7527 0.27260
Set Shifting ⇒ Spelling 0.2272 1.326 −2.3712 2.8256 0.01496

Note. Confidence intervals computed with method: Bias corrected bootstrap

Note. Betas are completely standardized effect sizes