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. 2022 Mar 8;13:842023. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842023

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Copyright © 2022 Kolka, Webster, Lepletier, Winterford, Brown, Richards, Zelek, Cao, Khamis, Shanmugasundaram, Wuethrich, Trau, Brosda, Barbour, Shah, Eslick, Clemons, Morgan and Hill

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Representative immunohistofluorescence for C9 and C5b-9 in esophageal tissues during stages of esophageal adenocarcinoma development. Tissue microarrays of esophageal biopsies and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) specimens were stained for C9 and C5b-9 using multiplex immunohistofluorescence, and then exported as chromogenic images for visualizations and scoring. Representatives images for the stages of EAC development are shown in panels (A–F), with the areas marked by black lined shapes: normal squamous epithelium (NSE), non-dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus (BE), low-grade dysplasia (LGD), high-grade dysplasia (HGD), HGD with intraepithelial carcinoma (HGD+IEC) and EAC. Cores are 1.5mm. The whole EAC section is cancerous. Staining intensity was scored for C9 (G) and C5b-9 (H) for each tissue phenotype on a 0-3 scale by a specialist pathologist.