Table 2.
Comparison of pain and disability scores among the two groups of study (Back exercise and TENS group)
| Variables | Measurement period | Back exercises group (n = 22) | TENS group (n = 22) | Main effect of group | Interaction effect between time and group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pain score | Baseline | 46.91 ± 9.09 | 51.36 ± 8.46 |
p-value =0.030; F = 5.06; df = 1 MD (95% CI): −4.23 (−8.03 to −0.44) |
p-value =0.007; F = 8.15; df = 1 |
| After intervention | 37.95 ± 8.21 | 35.18 ± 4.49 | |||
| MD (95% CI) | −8.95(−12.77 to −5.14) | −16.18(−19.81 to − 12.55) | |||
| Main effect of time | p-value < 0.001; F = 24.1; df = 42 | p-value < 0.001; F = 102.8; df = 42 | |||
| Disability score | Baseline | 23.10 ± 11.44 | 27.91 ± 6.85 |
p-value =0.021; F = 5.74; df = 1; MD (95% CI): −3.99 (−7.35 to −0.64) |
p-value =0.001; F = 8.57; df = 1 |
| After intervention | 14.36 ± 6.55 | 12.09 ± 5.93 | |||
| MD (95% CI) | −8.73(−12.42 to −5.03); | −15.82(−19.24 to − 12.40) | |||
| Main effect of time | p-value < 0.001; F = 23.8; df = 42 | p-value < 0.001; F = 86.1; df = 42 |
Mean ± Standard deviation was reported/ MD (95% CI): Mean difference and 95% confidence interval/