Table 1.
Selected studies on the prognostic ability of six brain injury biomarkers after cardiac arrest (CA)
| Biomarker | Study | N | CA location | 24-h threshold | 48-h threshold | 72-h threshold |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSE ng/ml | Zandbergen, 2006 [12] | 231 | NS | 31.7 | 23.8 | 32.3 |
| AUROC | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Sensitivity (%) | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Lee, 2013 [14] | 224 | NS | 80.8 | 52.7 | NA | |
| AUROC | 0.80 | 0.90 | ||||
| Sensitivity (%) | 27 | 60 | ||||
| Larsson, 2014 [15] | 125 | OHCA/IHCA | 49 | 40 | 22 | |
| AUROC | 0.73 | 0.79 | 0.85 | |||
| Sensitivity (%) | 27 | 37 | 50 | |||
| Stammet, 2015 [16] | 686 | OHCA | 107 | 120 | 50 | |
| AUROC | 0.75 | 0.85 | 0.86 | |||
| Sensitivity (%) | 9 | 27 | 52 | |||
| Helwig, 2017 [17] | 100 | OHCA | NA | 34 | NA | |
| AUROC | 0.63 | |||||
| Sensitivity (%) | 44 | |||||
| Streitberger, 2017 [9] | 828 | OHCA | NA | NA | 85.5 | |
| AUROC | 0.90 | |||||
| sensitivity (%) | 49 | |||||
| Streitberger, 2017 [9] | 225 | IHCA | NA | NA | 1227 | |
| AUROC | 0.79 | |||||
| Sensitivity (%) | 0 | |||||
| Nakstad, 2020 [19] | 237 | OHCA | 172 | 87 | 79 | |
| AUROC | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Sensitivity (%) | 8 | 36 | 39 | |||
| S100B ng/ml | Larsson, 2014 [15] | 125 | OHCA + IHCA | 1.3 | 0.61 | 0.38 |
| AUROC | 0.78 | 0.75 | 0.83 | |||
| Sensitivity (%) | 23 | 21 | 30 | |||
| Stammet, 2017 [24] | 687 | OHCA | 2.59 | 3.67 | 1.83 | |
| AUROC | 0.80 | NA | NA | |||
| Sensitivity (%) | 10 | 5 | 5 | |||
| Duez, 2018 [23] | 115 | OHCA | 1.05 | 0.95 | 0.72 | |
| AUROC | 0.81 | 0.81 | 0.74 | |||
| Sensitivity (%) | 23 | 17 | 11 | |||
| Jang, 2019 [22] | 97 | OHCA | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.20 | |
| AUROC | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.86 | |||
| Sensitivity (%) | 78 | 78 | 61 | |||
| NfL pg/ml | Rana, 2013 [26] | 61 | OHCA | 321 | 405 | 309 |
| AUROC | 0.93 | 0.85 | 0.92 | |||
| Sensitivity (%) | 79 | 57 | 75 | |||
| Moseby-Knappe, 2019 [5] | 717 | OHCA | 1232 | 1539 | 1756 | |
| AUROC | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.94 | |||
| Sensitivity (%) | 53 | 65 | 64 | |||
| Wihersaari, 2021 [4] | 112 | OHCA | 150 | 359 | 390 | |
| AUROC | 0.98 | 0.99 | 0.98 | |||
| Sensitivity (%) | 78 | 83 | 85 | |||
| UCH-L1 pg/ ml | Ebner, 2020 [36] | 717 | OHCA | 12,175 | 7945 | 9170 |
| AUROC | 0.85 | 0.87 | 0.86 | |||
| Sensitivity (%) | 4 | 9 | 1 | |||
| GFAP pg/ml | Larsson, 2014 [15] | 125 | OHCA + IHCA | 1090 | 300 | 530 |
| AUROC | 0.59 | 0.63 | 0.67 | |||
| Sensitivity (%) | 16 | 23 | 14 | |||
| Helwig, 2017 [17] | 100 | OHCA | NA | 80 | NA | |
| AUROC | 0.65 | |||||
| Sensitivity (%) | 21 | |||||
| Ebner, 2020 [36] | 717 | OHCA | 3425 | 2952 | 3581 | |
| AUROC | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.89 | |||
| Sensitivity (%) | 17 | 19 | 12 | |||
| Tau pg/ml | Mattsson, 2017 [48] | 689 | OHCA | 874.5 | 148.8 | 72.7 |
| AUROC | 0.81 | 0.90 | 0.91 | |||
| Sensitivity (%) | 4 | 33 | 42 |
AUROC area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, CA cardiac arrest, NA not applicable, NS not specified, OHCA out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, IHCA in-hospital cardiac arrest, Nfl neurofilament light protein, S100B S100 calcium-binding protein B, GFAP glial fibrillary acidic protein, UCH-L1 ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1