Figure 5.

Subacute patients had worse kinematics compared with chronic patients despite similar Fugl-Meyer scores. Violin plots of Fugl-Meyer scale for the upper extremity (FM-UE) (A) and average squared Mahalanobis distance (AMD²) (B) for chronic (n = 16) and subacute (n = 24) patients with moderate/mild (FM-UE ≥ 26) impairment. Note how, for this FM range, where both subacute and chronic patients were adequately represented, we found much worse motor control (higher AMD²) for subacute patients compared with chronic patients, despite similar FM-UE. White circles indicate mean values and thick black lines indicate means ± SE. C: reaches for two patients closest to the mean AMD² for each subgroup. Numbers indicate specific AMD² scores.