Supplemental Table 1.
Results of the circulating biomarkers in the study groups
| Circulating biomarkers | Controls n=10 | Mild COVID-19 n=9 | Severe COVID-19 n=8 | Preeclampsia n=13 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biomarkers of endothelial damage | ||||
| VCAM-1 (ng/mL) | 158.7 (129.2–179) | 162.9 (129.2–248.3) | 273.9 (200–350.4)a | 369.5 (304.6–610)b,d,e |
| sTNFRI (pg/mL) | 1215.3 (910.5–1648.6) | 1360.5 (1248.6–1610.5) | 1772.4 (1417.6–2022.4)a | 2639 (2091.4–3234.3)b,d,e |
| HS (ng/mL) | 2524.8 (1647.3–3330.6) | 3401.7 (2285.4–4034.6) | 4021.7 (2505.8–5718.2)a | 1799 (1414–2589.4)e |
| Biomarkers of coagulopathy/fibrinolysis | ||||
| VWF:Ag (%) | 297.4 (237.2–375.4) | 406.6 (364.3–428.5)a | 432.7 (365.9–470.7)a | 89.6 (84.5–135.3)b,d,f |
| VWF:GPIbM (%) | 280.9 (250–337) | 295.3 (228.4–324.3) | 376.6 (285.5–429.5) | 44.6 (20–54.5)b,c,f |
| VWF:Ag / VWF:GPIbM | 0.99 (0.83–1.1) | 0.76 (0.73–0.78) | 0.9 (0.85–0.94)c | 0.33 (0.28–0.5)b,d,f |
| α2AP (%) | 107 (87–118) | 98 (95–106) | 92.5 (81.5–99) | 70 (67–74)b,d,f |
| ADAMTS-13 activity (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| PAI (ng/mL) | 70.1 (66.7–85.3) | 79.3 (64–106.2) | 71.5 (59.1–89) | 80.7 (68.7–136.4) |
| TM (ng/mL) | 9.9 (9.5–10.1) | 9.7 (9.6–10) | 10.1 (9.6–10.4) | 9.7 (9.5–10) |
| Immune response markers | ||||
| C5b9 (ng/mL) | 31 (22–36.6) | 29.1 (26.7–31.8) | 38.1 (31.4–50) | 51.1 (46.1–66.6)b,d |
| NETs (ugr/mL) | 17.7 (15.2–19.9) | 14 (11.5–17.3) | 35.7 (20.7–52)a,c | 28 (16.5–38)a,c |
| Biomarkers of angiogenesis | ||||
| sFlt-1 (pg/mL) | 18,390.1 (12,014.2–23,187.4) | 35,588.1 (19,006–46,271.4) | 27,302.5 (8033.2–38,236.8) | 161,368.9 (56,737.2–216,405.5)a,c,e |
| PlGF (pg/mL) | 247.5 (181.7–325.6) | 130.5 (122.6–152)a | 118.4 (70.2–142.4)a | 55.1 (43.6–79.7)a |
| sFlt-1 / PIGF | 62.5 (44.3–150.8) | 225 (135.2–372.9)a | 202.5 (102.4 – 334) | 2024.7 (850.3 – 3927.5)a,c,e |
| Ang2 (ng/mL) | 6952.5 (4746–9996) | 6078.1 (4496.3–10,396.3) | 6552.5 (4365–15,690) | 13,671.3 (6996.3–21,996.3)a |
Data are expressed as median (interquartile range).
Ang2, angiopoetin 2; α2AP, α2-antiplasmin; HS, heparan sulfate; NETs, neutrophil extracellular traps; PAI, plasminogen activator inhibitor; PlGF, placental growth factor; sFlt-1, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1; sTNFRI, soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor I; TM, thrombomodulin; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; VWF, von Willebrand factor; VWF:Ag, VWF antigen; VWF:GPIbM, VWF activity.
Significant differences of adjusted P values (Student t test, Benjamini-Hochberg procedure for multiple pairwise comparisons) are noted as aP<.05 and bP<.01 vs controls, cP<.05 and dP<.01 vs mild COVID-19, and eP<.05 and fP<.01 vs severe COVID-19.
Palomo et al. Endothelial dysfunction in preeclampsia vs COVID-19 in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022.