Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of study population by HIV serostatus at baseline
| Characteristic | Men without HIV N=1070 |
Men with HIV N=1170 |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 49.2 (11.7) | 44.8 (10.2) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 27.1 (5.2) | 25.8 (4.6) | <0.001 |
| Race, N (%) | |||
| White | 786 (73.5%) | 674 (57.6%) | |
| Black | 229 (21.4%) | 379 (32.4%) | |
| Other | 55 (5.1%) | 117 (10.0%) | <0.001 |
| College education, N (%) | 636 (63.8%) | 501 (46.0%) | <0.001 |
| Center, N (%) | |||
| Baltimore | 278 (26.0%) | 282 (24.1%) | |
| Chicago | 159 (14.9%) | 276 (23.6%) | |
| Pittsburgh | 314 (29.4%) | 283 (24.2%) | |
| Los Angeles | 319 (29.8%) | 329 (28.1%) | <0.001 |
| Cohort, N (%) | |||
| 1984 | 633 (59.2%) | 364 (31.1%) | |
| 1987 | 43 (4.0%) | 90 (7.7%) | |
| 2001 | 346 (32.3%) | 451 (38.5%) | |
| 2010 | 48 (4.5%) | 265 (22.7%) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status, N (%) | |||
| Never | 340 (32.1%) | 359 (31.2%) | |
| Former | 463 (43.6%) | 409 (35.5%) | |
| Current | 258 (24.3%) | 384 (33.3%) | <0.001 |
| History of cocaine use, N (%) | 472 (44.4%) | 572 (49.1%) | 0.027 |
| History of marijuana use, N (%) | 800 (75.3%) | 815 (70.0%) | 0.005 |
| Alcohol use, N (%) | |||
| None | 158 (15.0%) | 206 (18.0%) | |
| Low-moderate | 621 (58.8%) | 629 (54.9%) | |
| Moderate-binge | 277 (26.2%) | 310 (27.1%) | 0.098 |
| Kidney disease, N (%) | 58 (6.9%) | 171 (17.6%) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 396 (37.9%) | 387 (33.9%) | 0.051 |
| Arthritis, N (%) | 40 (3.9%) | 45 (3.9%) | 0.942 |
| Depression (CESD≥16) , N (%) | 237 (23.0%) | 321 (29.1%) | 0.001 |
| Hepatitis B infection, N (%) | 10 (0.9%) | 42 (3.6%) | <0.001 |
| Hepatitis C infection, N (%) | 46 (4.3%) | 82 (7.0%) | 0.006 |
| Glycemic status, N (%) | |||
| Normal | 498 (60.4%) | 554 (63.5%) | |
| IFG | 272 (33.0%) | 252 (28.9%) | |
| Controlled DM | 33 (4.0%) | 57 (6.5%) | |
| Uncontrolled DM | 22 (2.7%) | 10 (1.2%) | 0.004 |
| Grip strength (kg), mean (SD) | 39.8 (8.8%) | 40.1 (9.4) | 0.760 |
| Gait speed (m/s), mean (SD) | 1.20 (0.22) | 1.17 (0.22) | 0.001 |
| Testosterone use, N (%) | 61 (5.7%) | 195 (16.7%) | <0.001 |
| Years of ART, mean (SD) | - | 5.1 (4.7) | - |
| Cumulative ART exposure (years), mean (SD) | |||
| AZT | - | 2.6 (3.6) | - |
| DDI | - | 0.8 (1.9) | - |
| d4T | - | 1.6 (2.5) | - |
| EFV | - | 1.3 (2.2) | - |
| Any PI | - | 2.9 (3.4) | - |
| CD4 nadir (cells/uL), N (%) | - | 334.7 (212.1) | - |
| <200 | - | 300 (25.8%) | |
| 200-500 | - | 652 (56.1%) | |
| >500 | - | 210 (18.1%) | - |
| Undetectable HIV viral load, N (%) | - | 805 (69.6%) | - |
ART, antiretroviral therapy; AZT, zidovudine; BMI, body mass index; d4T, stavudine; DDI, didanosine; DM, diabetes mellitus; EFV, efavirenz; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; PI, protease inhibitor; SD, standard deviation