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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Lupus. 2022 Mar 8;31(4):472–481. doi: 10.1177/09612033221084093

Figure 5. Type 1 Interferon, TNF, and STAT Gene Expression in HCQ-responders, HCQ+QC-responders, and Nonresponders.

Figure 5.

The nonresponders had a significantly decreased expression of type 1 IFN signatures, STAT1, and STAT 4 than HCQ responders, whereas the gene expression of TNF-α and STAT3 was significantly elevated in nonresponders. The nonresponders and HCQ+QC-responders had a similar expression profile for all analyzed genes, except for STAT3. Gene expression of STAT3 showed a tendency of increased expression in nonresponders compared to HCQ-responders and HCQ+QC responders, although the statistical significance was confirmed only against HCQ-responders. The graphs show mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.