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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Health. 2021 Sep 27;38(5):602–622. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1979549

Table 3.

Description of Study Outcomes

Baseline
Mean (SD)
N=24
Follow-Up
Mean (SD)
N=20
Difference
Mean (SD)
N=20
Cohen's d
for Change
Proximal Outcomes (Possible Range)
 Index of Autonomous Functioning – Autonomy (Range: 0-5) 4.4 (0.6) 4.7 (0.4) 0.4 (0.6) 0.6
 Self-efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Scale (Range: 0-10) 7.7 (2.1) 8.6 (1.5) 0.6 (1.2) 0.4
 PROMIS Self-efficacy for Managing Symptoms (Range: 0-100) 49.8 (8.4), n=23 55.2 (8.6) 4.3 (7.4) 0.6
Health Outcomes (Possible Range)
 PSS Psychological Stress (Range 0-16) 8.1 (1.9) 6.7 (2.9) −1.0 (2.2) −0.5
 PROMIS Physical Function (Range 0-100) 46.0 (8.5) 47.3 (10.4) 0.2 (6.5) 0.0
 PROMIS Anxiety (Range 0-100) 50.3 (8.8), n=23 46.4 (8.5) −2.3 (6.7) −0.3
 PROMIS Depression (Range 0-100) 47.1 (7.7) 45.3 (6.1) −0.1 (5.7) −0.0
 PROMIS Fatigue (Range 0-100) 51.9 (10.2) 46.2 (9.4) −4.7 (6.9) −0.7
 PROMIS Sleep Disturbance (Range 0-100) 52.1 (7.8) 49.3 (9.3) −1.8 (6.3) −0.3
 PROMIS Social Roles (Range 0-100) 50.1 (8.3) 52.0 (10.6), n=18 1.6 (8.9), n=18 0.2
 PROMIS Pain Interference (Range 0-100) 52.4 (9.5) 51.4 (10.0) −0.9 (7.2) −0.1
 PROMIS Pain Intensity (Range 0-10) 3.0 (2.8) 2.5 (2.6) −0.6 (1.7) −0.3

Note. Higher values indicate more of each construct for all assessments. PSS = Perceived Stress Scale. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) values reported are standardized scores such that mean values generally center around 50 with standard deviations of 10. All health outcomes are from the PROMIS Profile 29 version 2.0.