FIGURE 11.

Relation between ln{τ} and the electrostatic free energy (E_el) of DOPS bilayers. E_el was calculated as described in Supplementary Material, using results obtained by either varying the pH (results from Figure 6), or by varying the concentration of Ca²⁺, Na⁺, or Mg²⁺ in aqueous solution, at pH 7 (results from Lundbæk et al., 1997). Solid red line: Linear fit to results obtained using H⁺. Dotted red lines: Linear fit to results obtained using H⁺, shifted vertically to best match results obtained with Ca²⁺ or Na⁺.