Code#	Variable	Variable Definition	Exemplars
DENY1	MEDIA	1 =accusing media organizations of fake news.*explicitly criticize “fake news”, “fake news media”, “low media trust”, blame the media for “stoking panic” and “opposing reportage”	“The Fake News Media and their partner the Democrat Party is doing everything within its semi-considerable power (it used to be greater!) to inflame the CoronaVirus situation far beyond what the facts would warrant”
DENY2	DEMOCRATS/REPUBLICANS	1 =criticizing Democrats/Republicans*mention the specific names of the other parties or politician representing other parties*call them “do nothing”, blame the other party for speak ill of himself	“Democrats were busy wasting their times”
DENY3	ADMINISTRATION	1 = criticizing Trump, his administration and the federal government	“Congress needs to fund working Americans.They've funded corporations, airlines and banks.They literally put a tax break for millionaires into their COVID legislation.Don’t make the same mistake twice. Fund working Americans.”
DENY4	EXCLUSION	1 =projecting racial discriminations and xenophobia*define the virus as “Chinese virus”, preach closing borders	“The United States will be powerfully supporting those industries like Airlines and others that are particularly affected by the Chinese Virus. We will be stronger than ever before!”
DIMINISH	DIMINISH	1 =diminishing the fatalness of the virus and the likelihood of contagion; describing the U.S. situation in a non-severe manner* “few cases”, “slow spread”, “on top of it”	“So last year 37000 Americans died from the common Flu. It averages between 27000 and 70000 per year. Nothing is shut down life & the economy go on. At this moment there are 546 confirmed cases of CoronaVirus with 22 deaths. Think about that!”
BOLSTERING1	GOVERNMENT	1 =mentioning Trump/Cuomo’s achievements as leaders; mentioning the achievements of the government in Trump’s case or the local government in Cuomo’s case*brag success, talk about the fighting measures he adopted and express resolution using “I”, “my”, “President”, “Trump” and “President Trump” *praise contributions of “administration”, “federal/state government”, “governors”, “congress”, “politicians and officials”, “white house”, “police officers”, “NYS”*CDC not included*subjects of “we” or no subjects included* “my administration” included	“Cryin’ Chuck Schumer is complaining for publicity purposes only that I should be asking for more money than $2.5 Billion to prepare for Coronavirus. If I asked for more he would say it is too much. He didn’t like my early travel closings. I was right. He is incompetent!”
BOLSTER2	ACTIONS	1 =proactive measures in handling the virus*any concrete measures, progresses, and updates such as travel closing and tests* “monitor”, “watch” included*briefings/updates excluded* “need to []” excluded	“Coronavirus: In addition to screening travelers “prior to boarding” from certain designated high risk countries or areas within those countries they will also be screened when they arrive in America”
BOLSTER3	EMOTIONALSUPPORT	1 =conveying empathy; building intimacy; delivering encouragement, assurance and confidence; using emotional appeal* sharing personal stories included	“My daughter called me and said, don't tell me to relax — tell me why I should be relaxed.So I want to make sure I tell the people of New York what I told my daughter.”
BOLSTER4	TRANSPARENCY	1 =promoting transparency in information*share policies/measures, status updates, statistical information*promote the values of facts and information transparency*share resources for information	Update: There are still no confirmed cases of the novel #coronavirus in New York State.11 tests have returned negative and 6 are still pending.While the risk to New Yorkers is still low, we urge everyone to remain vigilant and stay informed. https://t.co/aYbVuToz197
COHESION1	PARTISANSHIP	1 =creating party cooperation to tackle the crisis*praise teamwork and call for coordination between the two parties.*when present with blame, code the one with more word count	“Good teamwork between Republicans & Democrats as the House passes the big CoronaVirus Relief Bill. People really pulled together. Nice to see!”
COHESION2	INSTITUTIONALCOOPERATION	1 =promoting institutional cooperation, including cooperation with the federal government, different state governments.	“After days of advocating the federal gov't to expand #Coronavirus testing capacity, we just received word that Northwell Laboratories has been authorized to test.”
COHESION3	RALLY-ROUND-THE-FLAG	1 = eliciting patriotism, societal cohesion and loyalty to the country/states to tackle the crisis*use proactive expressions of “we will …”, “the United States will”, “we can …”, “let’s”, “America will …”, descriptions of “great nation”, “proud nation”, “everyone”, people”, “a battle doesn’t choose sides”*use expressions presenting the New York State as a cohesive community	* “America will get it done!”“We will be stronger than ever before!”“It’s hypocritical to say NY doesn’t deserve federal funding now because it would be ‘unfair’ to GOP states”
COHESION4	INCLUSION	1 =criticizing those who discriminated minorities, promoting integration and cooperation among different social groups, and enhanced benefits for vulnerable groups.	“NEW: New York is partnering with @NorthwellHealth to open 24 temporary COVID testing sites at churches in predominantly low-income communities & communities of color.”