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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Acad Emerg Med. 2021 Sep 28;29(3):376–383. doi: 10.1111/acem.14386

Table 3.

Select geriatric syndromes and possible evidence-based tools for measurement. Investigators should work closely with a geriatrics expert to ensure they utilize the right tool.

Geriatric Syndrome When to Include Potential Tools
Falls When fall events are a planned outcome Nursing Triage Questions36
4 Stage Balance Test59
Sit-to-Stand Test59
Delirium To determine the likelihood of delirium during enrollment and follow-up
To measure the occurrence of delirium throughout the study
To understand how confusion may impact study outcomes		 Single Question in Delirium (SQiD)60
Delirium Triage Screen (DTS)61
Frailty To ensure even distribution frailty in both study arms
To provide context during the analysis for why an individual may have had increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes such as falls, disability, and institutionalization		 Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR)62
Triage Risk Screening Tool63
The Clinical Frailty Scale40