Table 5.

Studies on prognosis in the comorbidity between AN and depressive disorder

Study	Sample	Diagnostic criteria/evaluation	Results
Carretier et al., 2021 [32]	Eight studies dealing with 10–18 year old inpatient or outpatient adolescents presenting an AN complicated by a major depressive disorder	DSM-5	There is a need to identify faster severe depressive disorders in adolescents with AN in order to provide a more intensive treatment of mood symptoms
Kahn et al., 2019 [35]	56 patients with AN	EDE/BSI	During hospitalization depression in AN has not an association with a bad prognosis. If depressive symptoms persist beyond 1 month during hospitalization the risk of relapsing back to AN is higher
Mischoulon et al., 2011 [33]	51 patients with RAN, 85 with PAN and 110 with BN	LIFE-EAT-II	A higher severity in depression was noted in RAN
Holtkamp et al., 2005 [30]	39 patients with AN and 39 C	BMI	Patients with anxiety, depression and obsessive symptoms scored higher that those with just AN
Pollice et al., 1997 [31]	Women with AN in different stages (low weight, short-term weight restoration and long-term weight restoration) are compared with a group of healthy women	BDI/HRSD/STAI/Y-BOCS	Malnutrition aggravates anxiety-depressive and obsessive symptoms. Anxious-depressive symptoms persist mildly or moderately in AN and could be related to their pathogenesis
Herpertz-Dahlmann et al., 1995 [34]	34 patients with AN	HRSD/SDS	Depression at the start of AN holds no association with its prognosis. Throughout the follow-up, a statistically significant relationship was observed between depression and AN prognosis

AN, anorexia nervosa; BN, bulimia nervosa; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BMI, body mass index; BSI, Brief Symptom Inventory; C, controls; EDE, Eating Disorder Examination; HRSD, Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression; LIFE-EAT-II, Eating Disorders Longitudinal Inverval Follow-up Evaluation; PAN, purgative anorexia nervosa; RAN, restrictive anorexia nervosa; SDS, Zung-Self Rating Depression Scale; STAI, State and Trait Anxiety Inventory; Y-BOCS, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale; DSM-5, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition