Table 2.
Risk factors and its score for the K-PERS-II
| Risk factor | Cut-off |
RR from meta-analysis | log(RRj) | Population proportion (%) |
Σ(log(RRj)*pj)
|
ERS | K-PERS-II | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foreign | Korea | Foreign | Korea | Foreign | Korea | |||||
| Paternal age at birth | <40 | <25 | 1.06 | 0.025 | 92.1 | 1.688 | 1.02 | 1.09 | 0 | 0 |
| 25–29 | 1 | 0 | 10.300 | 1.09 | -0.5 | |||||
| 30–34 | 1.06 | 0.025 | 42.763 | 1.09 | 0 | |||||
| 35–39 | 1.13 | 0.053 | 32.160 | 1.09 | 0 | |||||
| 40–50 | 40–44 | 1.22 | 0.086 | 7.1 | 9.900 | 1.02 | 1.09 | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| 45–49 | 1.21 | 0.083 | 1.791 | 1.09 | 0.5 | |||||
| >50 | ≥50 | 1.66 [75] | 0.220 | 0.8 [75,14] | 0.370 [51] | 1.02 | 0.039 | 2 | 2 | |
| Obstetric complications | Birth weight <2.5 kg | 1.67 | 0.223 | 3.6 | 5.744 | 0.008 | 0.012 | 2 | 2 | |
| Birth weight ≥2.5 kg | 1 [76] | 0 | 96.4 [76,14] | 94.260 [51] | 0.008 | 0.012 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Parental SES (exposed/non exposed) | Father’s income in the lowest quintile | 2.22/1 | 0.346/0 | 21.016/78.984 | 21.016/78.984 [24] | 1.26/1.26 | 1.26/1.26 | 2.5/-1 | 2.5/-1 | |
| Mother’s income in the lowest quintile | 1.74/1 | 0.241/0 | 22.836/77.165 | 13.8/86.2 [77] | 1.17/1.17 | 1.10/1.10 | 1.5/-0.5 | 2/-0.5 | ||
| Father being unemployed or otherwise outside the labor market | 2.53/1 | 0.403/0 | 14.933/85.067 | 14.933/85.067 [24] | 1.23/1.23 | 1.23/1.23 | 3/-1 | 3/-1 | ||
| Mother being unemployed or otherwise outside the labor market | 1.58/1 | 0.199/0 | 25.517/74.484 | 43.5/56.5 [77] | 1.15/1.15 | 1.25/1.25 | 1.5/-0.5 | 1/-1 | ||
| Father’s highest educational level less than high school | 1.47/1 | 0.167/0 | 28.368/71.6328 | 1.309/98.691 [51] | 1.13/1.13 | 1.01/1.01 | 1/-0.5 | 1.5/0 | ||
| Mother’s highest educational level less than high school | 1.79/1 [23] | 0.253/0 | 47.847/52.153 [23] | 1.675/98.325 [51] | 1.38/1.38 | 1.01/1.01 | 1/-1.5 | 2.5/0 | ||
| Urbanicity | Population density by three equal tertiles | County | 1.156 | 0.063 | 33.3 | 7.135 | 1.59 | 1.75 | -1.5 | -2 |
| City | 1.546 | 0.189 | 33.3 | 48.404 | 1.59 | 1.75 | 0 | -0.5 | ||
| Metropolitan city | 2.067 | 0.315 | 33.3 | 44.461 [56] | 1.59 | 1.75 | 1.5 | 0.5 | ||
| Childhood adversity | Exposed/Non exposed (≥moderate level of any trauma) | 2.78/1 [25] | 0.444/0 | 27/73 | 1.48/1.48 | 2.5/-15 | ||||
| Neglect | 2.9/1 | 0.462/0 | 0.033/99.967 | 0.001/0.001 | 4.5/0 | |||||
| Emotional abuse | 3.4/1 | 0.531/0 | 0.056/99.944 | 0.001/0.001 | 5.5/0 | |||||
| Physical abuse | 2.95/1 | 0.470/0 | 0.039/99.961 | 0.001/0.001 | 4.5/0 | |||||
| Sexual abuse (≥moderate level of each trauma) | 2.38/1 [25] | 0.377/0 | 0.008/99.991 [59,60] | 0.001/0.001 | 4/0 | |||||
| Recent life events | Exposed/non exposed (≥moderate life events) | Exposed/non exposed (≥moderate level of at least two adverse events) | 3.19/1 [18] | 0.504/0 | 25/75 [22] | 25/75 [21] | 1.55/1.55 | 1.55/1.55 | 3/-2 | 3/-2 |
| Cannabis use | No exposure | 1 | 0 | 70 | 0.089 | -1 | ||||
| Little to moderate exposure | 1.405 | 0.148 | 15 | 0.089 | 0.5 | |||||
| High exposure | 2.775 [78] | 0.443 | 15 [79] | 0.089 | 3.5 | |||||
| Ethnic minority status | Native | 1 | 0 | 92.4 | 0.053 | 0.5 | ||||
| Any origin | 2.3 | 0.362 | 7.6 | 0.053 | 3 | |||||
| Black | 4 | 0.602 | 1.3 | 0.053 | 6 | |||||
| White | 1.8 | 0.255 | 2.8 | 0.053 | 2 | |||||
| Other | 2 [72] | 0.301 | 3.5 [14,72] | 0.053 | 2.5 | |||||
SES, socioeconomic status