TABLE 3.
Demographic, clinical, functional, radiological, and microbiological characteristics of the three study groups: patients with primary immunodeficiency (Group A), patients with secondary immunodeficiency (Group B) and patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis (Group C)
| Variables | Group A (n=158) | Group B (n=21) | Group C (n=155) | p-value |
| Demographics | ||||
| Female sex | 122 (77.2%) | 13 (61.9%) | 129 (83.2%) | 0.06 |
| Age, years | 65 (52–73) | 70 (65–73) | 62 (48–70) | 0.009# |
| Body mass index, kg·m−2 | 21.1 (19.2–24.0) | 23.5 (21.9–25.5) | 21.4 (19.7–24.0) | 0.08 |
| Underweight | 27 (17.2%) | 2 (10.0%) | 20 (13.0%) | 0.48 |
| Former or current smoker | 63 (39.9%) | 13 (61.9%) | 77 (49.7%) | 0.07 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| GORD | 71 (44.9%) | 11 (52.4%) | 74 (47.7%) | 0.76 |
| Rhinosinusitis | 58 (36.7%) | 7 (33.3%) | 45 (29.0%) | 0.35 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 66 (41.8%) | 12 (57.1%) | 43 (27.7%) | 0.004¶ |
| Systemic hypertension | 43 (27.2%) | 8 (38.1%) | 29 (18.7%) | 0.06 |
| Asthma | 24 (15.2%) | 1 (4.8%) | 29 (18.7%) | 0.25 |
| Osteoporosis | 24 (15.2%) | 10 (47.6%) | 26 (16.8%) | 0.001+ |
| COPD | 16 (10.1%) | 2 (9.5%) | 9 (5.8%) | 0.32 |
| Depression | 17 (10.8%) | 3 (14.3%) | 10 (6.5%) | 0.24 |
| Anxiety | 11 (7.0%) | 2 (9.5%) | 11 (7.1%) | 0.84 |
| History of neoplastic disease | 23 (14.6%) | 12 (57.1%) | 13 (8.4%) | <0.0001§ |
| Diabetes | 6 (3.8%) | 7 (33.3%) | 3 (1.9%) | <0.0001ƒ |
| Functional | ||||
| FEV1, % pred | 85.9±24.9 | 84.6±27.2 | 85.6±20.8 | 0.97 |
| FEV1 <50% pred | 13 (8.8%) | 2 (10.0%) | 9 (6.2%) | 0.62 |
| FVC, % pred | 98.5±23.2 | 97.5±25.1 | 97.3±18.6 | 0.89 |
| Microbiological | ||||
| Chronic infection | 49 (36.6%) | 5 (29.4%) | 46 (35.4%) | 0.84 |
| Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection | 31 (23.1%) | 3 (17.7%) | 30 (23.1%) | 0.95 |
| Chronic Haemophilus influenzae infection | 7 (5.3%) | 3 (17.7%) | 8 (6.2%) | 0.14 |
| NTM-PD | 18 (13.4%) | 3 (17.7%) | 11 (8.5%) | 0.29 |
| Clinical | ||||
| Exacerbations | 2 (1–3) | 1 (0–3) | 2 (1–3) | 0.97 |
| ≥3 exacerbations in the previous year | 51 (32.3%) | 8 (38.1%) | 49 (31.6%) | 0.84 |
| LTOT | 11 (7.0%) | 2 (9.5%) | 4 (2.6%) | 0.09 |
| Daily sputum | 104 (65.8%) | 15 (71.4%) | 107 (69.0%) | 0.77 |
| Sputum volume, mL | 7 (4.5–20.0) | 5.5 (3–50) | 6 (5–20) | 0.93 |
| Chronic macrolide therapy | 16 (10.1) | 1 (4.8) | 11 (7.1) | 0.62 |
| Chronic inhaled antibiotic therapy | 8 (5.1) | 1 (4.8) | 10 (6.5) | 0.86 |
| Radiological | ||||
| Reiff score | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2–6) | 4 (3–6) | 0.99 |
| Number of lobes involved | 3 (2–4) | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2–5) | 0.59 |
| Disease severity | ||||
| BSI score | 6 (4–9) | 6 (3.0–8.5) | 6 (3–8) | 0.11 |
| FACED score | 2 (1–3) | 2 (2–3) | 2 (1–3) | 0.06 |
| BACI score | 0 (0–3) | 6 (3–10) | 0 (0–3) | 0.0001## |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or mean±sd, unless otherwise stated. GORD: gastro-oesophageal reflux disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; NTM-PD: nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease; LTOT: long-term oxygen therapy; BSI: bronchiectasis severity index; FACED: FEV1, age, chronic colonisation, extension, dyspnoea; BACI: before, after, control, impact. #; Group B versus Group C, p=0.008. ¶: Group A versus Group C, p=0.009; Group B versus Group C, p=0.006. +: Group A versus Group B, p=0.0004; Group B versus Group C, p=0.001. §: Group A versus Group C, p<0.0001; Group B versus Group C, p<0.0001. ƒ: Group A versus Group C, p<0.0001; Group B versus Group C, p<0.0001. ##: Group A versus Group B, p<0.0001; Group B versus Group C, p<0.0001.