Table 1.

Clinical trials of VLP-based vaccine.

Vaccine	Conditions	Phase	Sample size	Current status	ClinicalTrial.gov identifier
COVID-19 (adjuvant: AS03)	SARS-CoV-2 infection	II/Ⅲ	30918	Recruiting	NCT04662697
VBI-2902a (adjuvant: Alum)	COVID-19	Ⅰ/II	780	Active, not recruiting	NCT04773665
NoV GI.1/GII.4 Bivalent VLP Vaccine	Norovirus	II	840	Completed	NCT02153112
CHIKV VLP Vaccine	Chikungunya virus infection	II	445	Completed	NCT03483961
9-Valent HPV Vaccine	Cervical cancer/Vulvar cancer/Vaginal cancer/Genital warts/HPV infection	Ⅲ	14840	Completed	NCT00543543
V501	Cervical cancer/Genital warts	Ⅲ	12167	Active, not recruiting	NCT00092534
Novartis Meningococcal ACWY Conjugate Vaccine	Meningococcal meningitis/HPV infection/Pertussis/Tetanus	Ⅲ	1620	Completed	NCT00518180
Quadrivalent VLP Influenza Vaccine	Virus diseases/RNA virus infections/Respiratory tract diseases/Respiratory tract infections	Ⅲ	10137	Completed	NCT03301051
A/H1N1 2009 Influenza VLP Vaccine	Seasonal influenza	II	4560	Completed	NCT01072799
RSV-F Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine	RSV-F	II	720	Completed	NCT01960686
Formalin-inactivated EV71 Vaccine	HFMD	Ⅲ	12000	Completed	NCT01569581
CYT006-AngQb	Mild essential hypertension/Moderate essential hypertension	II	83	Completed	NCT00710372
HIV p17/p24:Ty-VLP	HIV infections	Ⅰ	36	Completed	NCT00001053
VRC-ZKADNA090-00-VP	Zika virus infection/Virus diseases/Flavivirus infections/Flaviviral diseases/Flaviviridae infections/RNA virus infections	II	2338	Completed	NCT03110770

COVID-19, coronavirus infectious disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2; Nov, norovirus; VLP, virus-like particle; CHIKV, Chikungunya virus; HPV, human papillomavirus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; RSV-F, respiratory syncytial virus infections; EV71, enterovirus 71; and HFMD, hand, foot, and mouth disease.