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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuropharmacology. 2021 Dec 10;205:108920. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108920

Figure 3. Mechanistic interactions between visceral adipose tissue and the CNS.

Figure 3.

A) The ‘adipo-centric’ model for neuroimmune regulation of hippocampal function by stressed adipocytes (gray) in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). B) The ‘vasculo-centric’ model for immune regulation of hippocampal function in visceral obesity. C) Long-range model for immunological signaling between VAT and hippocampus. D) Trafficking model for immune signaling between VAT and hippocampus. For all panels, solid arrows represent known routes of entry and cellular targets for adipocyte-derived signals. Dashed arrows represent potential inter-cellular interactions. Abbreviations: BMSCs, bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs); BBB, blood-brain barrier; BCSFB, blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier.