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. 2022 Feb 28;15:392–408. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.025

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© 2022 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 4 — (A) Schematic diagram for the process of the transport of the PcCLs through the mucus layer and epithelial cell layer. (B) Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) images of CLs and PcCLs. (C) Visualization of the double-labeled PcCLs using fluorescence microscopy and simulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. (D) Emission spectra of FITC-BSA, Dil-CLs and double-labeled PcCLs at an excitation of 420 nm. (E) 3D images of the mucus penetration of the CLs and PcCLs. Green: DiO-labeled formuation. Red: mucus stained with Alexa Fluro 555-wheat germ albumin. (F) The distribution of the CLs and PcCLs in rat intestinal villi. Green: DiO-labeled formuation. Blue: intestinal villi nuclei stained with 2-(4-amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine dihydrochloride (DAPI). Red arrow indicated the point of absorption. Reprinted from Ref. [115] with permission.